4 Character reconstructions

This page provides definitions for each of the characters in our matrix, and justifies codings in particular taxa where relevant. Further citations for codings that are not discussed in the text can be viewed by browsing the morphological dataset on MorphoBank (project 3262).

Alongside its definition, each character has been mapped onto a tree. Any of the optimal trees can be selected by modifying the tree number listed above each diagram. Each tip is labelled according to its coding in the matrix. These states have been used to reconstruct the condition of each internal node, using the parsimony method of Brazeau et al. (2019) as implemented in the R package Inapp.

We emphasize that different trees give different reconstructions. The character mappings are not intended to definitively establish how each character evolved, but to help the reader quickly establish how each character has been coded, and to visualize at a glance how each character fits onto a given tree. Click here to hide the character reconstructions below.

4.1 Brephic shell

[1] Embryonic shell

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
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## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
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## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
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## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
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## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 5 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[1]Pedunculotheca diania[1]Haplophrentis carinatus[1]Mickwitzia muralensis[1]Heliomedusa orienta[1]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[0]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[1]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[1]Micrina[1]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[1]Neopilina[1]Conocardium elongatum[1]Haliotis[1]Pojetaia runnegari[1]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[1]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[0]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 1: Brephic shell: Embryonic shell

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

The embryonic shell or protegulum is secreted by the embryo immediately before hatching. Corresponds to character 12 in Vinther, Parry, Briggs, & Van Roy (2017).

Amathia: Reed & Cloney (1982).
Conocardium elongatum: Pojeta, Runnegar, Morris, & Newell (1972).
Dentalium: The shell does not form until the trochophore larval stage, which has been exquisitely described in Antalis (Wanninger & Carlson, 2001).
This shell field is initially disc-like, subsequently expanding to fuse ventrally and produce the cylindrical protoconch. The prototroch is clearly delineated fro the telotroch in post-metamorphic juveniles (Wanninger & Carlson, 2001).
Gasconsia: The earliest shell is not described by (???) or (???).
Haliotis: Auzoux-Bordenave et al. (2010).
Loxosomella: Absent, with no possible equivalent (Nielsen, 1966).
Mytilus: Kniprath (1980).
Namacalathus: Inapplicable insofar as reproduction occurs by budding; there is no evidence for a free-living larval stage. Nevertheless, the presence of a sexual reproductive phase in addition to asexual reproduction cannot be discounted.
Neopilina: Not coiled, as stated in Lemche & Wingstrand (1959), but bulbous (Lindberg, 1985,@Wingstrand1985).
Novocrania: Shell not secreted until after metamorphosis (Popov et al. 2010). Freeman & Lundelius (1999) report a Craniops-like larval shell in fossil “Crania”, but observe that Quaternary [Novo]crania no longer exhibit a larval shell.
Pelagiella: Present (Nützel, Lehnert, & Frýda, 2006).
Pojetaia runnegari: Prodissoconch I probably demarcated by first growth line (Runnegar & Bentley, 1983).

Tonicella: On hatching, the polyplacophoran larva lacks a shell field.

Shell fields develop during the trochophore larva stage. The larva of the chiton Mopalia has two distinct shell fields: that anterior to the prototroch will develop into the first shell plate; the one posterior to the prototroch becomes the subsequent plates (Wanninger & Haszprunar, 2002a).

This disc-shaped posterior plate, whose position corresponds to the conchiferan shell field, bears a polygonal ornament and is subdivided by a series of grooves that prefigure the adult shell plates (Wanninger & Haszprunar, 2002a).
Yilingia spiciformis: Chen, Zhou, Yuan, & Xiao (2019).

[2] Morphology

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 7 to tree score (6 with Fitch)1 additional region (not counted by Fitch)An optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[1]Pedunculotheca diania[3]Haplophrentis carinatus[2]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[1]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[-]Terebratulina[-]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[1]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[-]Novocrania[1]Micrina[2]Paterimitra[-]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[-]Flustra[-]Amathia[-]Serpula[-]Capitella[-]Canadia spinosa[-]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[3]Neopilina[1]Conocardium elongatum[3]Haliotis[1]Pojetaia runnegari[1]Mytilus[-]Dentalium[4]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[-]Wirenia[-]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[-]Tonicella[-]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[-]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[-]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 2: Brephic shell: Morphology

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

The brephic shell is the shell possessed by the young organism (see Ushatinskaya & Korovnikov (2016) and Popov, Bassett, Holmer, Skovsted, & Zuykov (2010) for discussion of terminology).

Micrina resembles linguliforms (Holmer, Skovsted, Larsson, Brock, & Zhang (2011)): in both, the brephic mitral shell has one pair of setal sacs enclosed by lateral lobes, whereas the brephic ventral shell has two lateral setal tubes.

Paterimitra and Salanygolina have “identical” ventral brephic shells (Holmer et al. (2011)), resembling the shape of a ship’s propeller.

Haplophrentis is coded following typical hyoliths, which have a spherical brephic shell; Pedunculotheca’s, in contrast, is seemingly cap-shaped.

Conocardium elongatum: Pojeta et al. (1972).
Haliotis: Subspherical (Auzoux-Bordenave et al., 2010).
Lingula: See fig. 159 in Williams et al. 1997.
Lingulellotreta malongensis: Disc-like (Li & Holmer, 2004).
Mickwitzia muralensis: Trifoliate appearance results from prominent attachment rudiment and bunching of setal sacs (Balthasar 2009T).
Micromitra: Subtriangular – essentially round.
Mytilus: Flat (though split into two via non-mineralized ligament) (Kniprath, 1980).
Neopilina: Appears cap-shaped and relatively flat in Lindberg (1985), but more bulbous in Wingstrand (1985).
Pelagodiscus atlanticus: See e.g. fig 169 in Williams et al. (1997).
Pojetaia runnegari: Flat and disc-like – though bivalved (Runnegar & Bentley, 1983).
Tonicella: Disc-like, subdivided by transverse grooves (Wanninger & Haszprunar, 2002a).

[3] Embryonic shell extended in larvae

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score (1 with Fitch)1 additional region (not counted by Fitch)An optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[12]Pedunculotheca diania[2]Haplophrentis carinatus[2]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[2]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[-]Terebratulina[-]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[1]Lingulellotreta malongensis[2]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[-]Novocrania[2]Micrina[2]Paterimitra[-]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[-]Flustra[-]Amathia[-]Serpula[-]Capitella[-]Canadia spinosa[-]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[2]Neopilina[2]Conocardium elongatum[2]Haliotis[2]Pojetaia runnegari[2]Mytilus[-]Dentalium[2]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[-]Wirenia[-]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[-]Tonicella[-]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[-]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[-]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 3: Brephic shell: Embryonic shell extended in larvae

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

Many taxa add to their embryonic shell (the protegulum possessed by the embryo upon hatching) during the larval phase of their life cycle. The shell that exists at metamorphosis, marked by a halo or nick point, is variously termed the “first formed shell”, “metamorphic shell” or “larval shell” (Bassett & Popov 2017).

Haliotis: Auzoux-Bordenave et al. (2010).
Lingulellotreta malongensis: No prominent nick point (???; Li & Holmer, 2004).
Mytilus: Prominent nick (Martel, 2000).
Neopilina: “delimited from the surrounding adult shell by the innermost (first) concentric ridges of the periostracum” (Wingstrand, 1985).
Pedunculotheca diania: The flattened region at the umbo of the ventral valve in smaller specimens conceivably represents an embryonic shell, though it may alternatively represent a cicatrix or colleplax-like structure.
Pelagiella: Nützel et al. (2006).
Tonicella: Wanninger & Haszprunar (2002a).

[4] Surface ornament

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 3 to tree score (2 with Fitch)1 additional region (not counted by Fitch)An optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[1]Pedunculotheca diania[1]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[4]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[-]Terebratulina[-]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[1]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[-]Novocrania[1]Micrina[3]Paterimitra[-]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[-]Flustra[-]Amathia[-]Serpula[-]Capitella[-]Canadia spinosa[-]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[1]Neopilina[1]Conocardium elongatum[1]Haliotis[1]Pojetaia runnegari[1]Mytilus[-]Dentalium[1]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[-]Wirenia[-]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[-]Tonicella[-]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[-]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[-]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 4: Brephic shell: Surface ornament

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

Pitting of the larval shell characterises acrotretids and their relatives. Pustules occur on Paterinidae. See Character 3 in Williams et al. (2000) tables 5–6.

Haliotis: Auzoux-Bordenave et al. (2010).
Lingula, Pelagodiscus atlanticus: Smooth, following family-level codings of Williams et al. 2000, table 6.
Lingulellotreta malongensis: Smooth (???; Li & Holmer, 2004).
Micrina: Smooth (Holmer et al. 2011F).
Micromitra: Pustolose in Paterinidae (Williams et al. 2000, table 6).
Mytilus: Kniprath (1980).
Paterimitra: Polygonal texture present (Holmer et al. 2011F), as in the adult shell.
Pelagiella: Nützel et al. (2006).
Pojetaia runnegari: Runnegar & Bentley (1983).

[5] Larval attachment structure

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score (1 with Fitch)1 additional region (not counted by Fitch)An optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[1]Pedunculotheca diania[1]Haplophrentis carinatus[2]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[-]Terebratulina[-]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[2]Lingula[2]Lingulellotreta malongensis[2]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[-]Novocrania[2]Micrina[1]Paterimitra[-]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[-]Flustra[-]Amathia[-]Serpula[-]Capitella[-]Canadia spinosa[-]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[1]Neopilina[1]Conocardium elongatum[1]Haliotis[1]Pojetaia runnegari[1]Mytilus[-]Dentalium[1]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[-]Wirenia[-]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[-]Tonicella[-]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[-]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[-]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 5: Brephic shell: Larval attachment structure

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

Embryonic shells of Micrina and certain linguliforms exhibit a transversely folded posterior extension that speaks of the original presence of a pedicle in the embryo.

This is independent of the presence of an adult pedicle, which may arise after metamorphosis.

Haliotis: Auzoux-Bordenave et al. (2010).
Lingulellotreta malongensis: The pedicle foramen intersects the brephic shell (???; Li & Holmer, 2004), suggesting larval attachment.
Mickwitzia muralensis: Note the posterior lobe related to the attachment rudiment in fig. 2 of Balthasar 2009T.

[6] Setulose

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[0]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[0]Pedunculotheca diania[0]Haplophrentis carinatus[1]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[1]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[1]Micrina[0]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[0]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[0]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[0]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[0]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 6: Brephic shell: Setulose

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

The protegulum of Micrina is penetrated with canals that were originally associated with setae, a character that it has in common with linguliforms (Holmer et al. 2011).

Lingulellotreta malongensis: Possible suggestion of setal sacs present on brephic shell (???; Li & Holmer, 2004), but outline inadequately preserved to code with confidence; treated as ambiguous.
Mickwitzia muralensis: Four setal sacs.

[7] Setal sacs

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[0]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[0]Pedunculotheca diania[0]Haplophrentis carinatus[1]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[1]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[1]Micrina[0]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[0]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[0]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[0]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[0]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 7: Brephic shell: Setal sacs

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Setal sacs are recognizable as raised lumps on the juvenile shell (see Bassett and Popov 2017).

Micrina and linguliforms have setal sacs on their mitral/dorsal embryonic shell, whereas these are absent in Paterimitra (Holmer et al 2011).

Lingula: Lingulids’ larval setae are not arranged in bundles (Carlson 1995).
Lingulellotreta malongensis: Possible suggestion of setal sacs present on brephic shell (???; Li & Holmer, 2004), but outline inadequately preserved to code with confidence; treated as ambiguous.
Novocrania, Pelagodiscus atlanticus: Three pairs (Carlson 1995).

[8] Number

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[-]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[-]Pedunculotheca diania[-]Haplophrentis carinatus[2]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[2]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[2]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[-]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[3]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[3]Novocrania[1]Micrina[-]Paterimitra[-]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[-]Flustra[-]Amathia[-]Serpula[-]Capitella[-]Canadia spinosa[-]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[-]Neopilina[-]Conocardium elongatum[-]Haliotis[-]Pojetaia runnegari[-]Mytilus[-]Dentalium[-]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[-]Wirenia[-]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[-]Tonicella[-]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[-]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[-]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 8: Brephic shell: Setal sacs: Number

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

Two pairs on e.g. Coolina; one on e.g. Micrina.

Mickwitzia muralensis: See fig. 2 in Balthasar 2009T.
Novocrania, Pelagodiscus atlanticus: Three pairs (Carlson 1995).

4.2 Larval setae: Paired bundles [9]

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[0]Pedunculotheca diania[0]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[1]Serpula[1]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[0]Conocardium elongatum[?]Haliotis[0]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 9: Larval setae: Paired bundles

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Annelid chaetae are equivalent to the bundled setae expressed in certain brachiopod larvae. See character 12 in Vinther, Van Roy, & Briggs (2008).

Amathia: (Reed & Cloney, 1982).
Chaetoderma: In transverse rows, with setae seeming to arise from papillae (Nielsen, Haszprunar, Ruthensteiner, & Wanninger, 2007).
Flustra: Absent (Zimmer & Woollacott, 2013).
Haliotis: The spines that adorn the cephalic tentacles (Auzoux-Bordenave et al., 2010) are conceivably homologous with setae.
Mopalia: Not bundled (Leise, 1984).
Serpula: Lüter (2000) contends that annelid larvae lack setae, but chaetae are present on day 16 of the larval development of Serpula (Keay, 2007).
Terebratulina: Williams et al. (1997a).

4.3 Adult setae [10]

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 5 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[0]Cotyledion tylodes[0]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[0]Haplophrentis carinatus[1]Mickwitzia muralensis[1]Heliomedusa orienta[1]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[1]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[1]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[1]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[0]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[1]Amathia[1]Serpula[1]Capitella[1]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[1]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[0]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[1]Pelagiella[1]Kulindroplax perissokomos[1]Acaenoplax hayae[1]Wirenia[1]Chaetoderma[1]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[1]Leptochiton[1]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[1]Calvapilosa kroegeri[1]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 10: Adult setae

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Lüter (2000) demonstrates that the setae of larval and adult brachiopods exhibit fundamental structural differences and are conceivably not homologous structures. Larval setae are thus described separately.

Although preservation of setae in fossil brachiopods is exceptional, their presence can be inferred from shelly material (see (???)).

The girdle elements of aculiferan molluscs include chitinous material that is secreted by microvilli; following Vinther et al. (2017), these are coded as potential homologues of setae.

Acaenoplax hayae: The spines that adorn the ridges (Sutton, Briggs, Siveter, & Siveter, 2004) are interpreted as equivalent to polyplacophoran girdle elements.
Amathia: The teeth of the Bryozoan gizzard have been homologized with annelid setae (Gordon, 1975).
Flustra: A gizzard is not present in all bryozoans, and has not been reported in Flustra.
Kulindroplax perissokomos, Phthipodochiton thraivensis, Glaphurochiton carbonarius: The girdle elements of aculiferan molluscs include chitinous material that is secreted by microvilli; following Vinther et al. (2017), these are coded as potential homologues of setae.
Haplophrentis carinatus: Not observed (???), despite suitable preservation.
Leptochiton: Kaas (1981).
Lingulellotreta malongensis: “Setae appear short, delicate, and are closely fringed with the entire
mantle margin, hardly extending beyond the edge of shell” – Zhang, Shu, Han, & Liu (2005).
Mopalia: Leise (1986).
Novocrania: “Adult craniids are without setae (a feature shared with the thecideides, the
shells of which are also cemented).” – Williams et al. 2007.

Orthrozanclus: The sclerites of Orthrozanclus are interpreted as being homologous to those of Halkieria.

Orthrozanclus occurs in preservational regimes that preserve sclerites in annelids and Wiwaxia, so additional seta-like sclerites – whose presence cannot be evaluated in Halkieria – are taken to be genuinely absent.
Pelagiella: Reported by Thomas & Vinther (2012).

Polysacos vickersianum: The spinose sclerites of multiplacophorans are generally considered to represent modified shell plates rather than girdle elements (Vendrasco et al., 2004, @ConwayMorris2006).

Vinther (2009) argues that the spines of Polysacos are homologous with polyplacophoran girdle elements.

However, aesthete canals form by the inclusion of the secretory mantle within the growing valve (Baxter, Jones, & Sturrock, 1987), which points to a fundamentally non-seta-like growth mechanism; rather than secretion by basal microvilli, multiplacophoran spines evidently grow by basal accretion without periodic replacement.

As such, the existence of girdle elements homologous to setae is not demonstrated by available fossil material.

Siphogonuchites multa: The nature of the spicules that constitute the Siphogonuchites shell is uncertain. We treat them here as homologous to chiton girdle elements, following Conway Morris & Chapman (1996), Bengtson (1992) and Vinther et al. (2017).

An equivalence to halkieriid sclerites is not apparent: sclerites must have been added to the edge of the Siphogonuchitid shell during growth, requiring an increase in the number of sclerite ‘rows’; and they do not follow a quincuncial arrangement in a straightforward manner.

The internal ornament of parallel lines (Bengtson, 1992; Conway Morris & Chapman, 1996) recalls the longitudinal chambers within microvillar-secreted setae, but occur on the inner surface of phosphatized chambers, so probably have a different origin.
Sipunculus: The absence of chitin or microvillar lineations in sipunculan hooks argues against their interpretation as setae, but they are coded as conceivable homologues, with these characteristics treated separately.

Tonicella: The girdle elements of certain polyplacophorans are chitinous and secreted by microvilli (Fischer, Maile, & Renner, 1980; Leise, 1988; Leise & Cloney, 1982); it is therefore likely that they are homologous with the setae of other lophotrochozoans.

They are not homologous with the shell; they exhibit a distinct mode of secretion and have a different organic scaffold (Treves, Traub, Weiner, & Addadi, 2003, @Ehrlich2010).
Wiwaxia corrugata: Sclerites likely correspond with lophotrochozoan setae (Butterfield, 1990; Smith, 2014; Zhang, Smith, & Shu, 2015).

[11] Secretion

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 4 to tree score (2 with Fitch)2 additional regions (not counted by Fitch)An optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[-]Cotyledion tylodes[-]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[-]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[-]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[-]Phoronis[-]Namacalathus[-]Flustra[1]Amathia[1]Serpula[1]Capitella[1]Canadia spinosa[2]Sipunculus[1]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[-]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[-]Haliotis[-]Pojetaia runnegari[-]Mytilus[-]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[1]Wirenia[2]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[1]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 11: Adult setae: Secretion

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

The majority of lophotrochozoan sclerites bear a characteristic striated texture that denotes their secretion by basal microvilli (Butterfield, 1990). The seta-like hooks of sipunculans lack this texture, suggesting that they may not be homologous with other setae.

Canadia spinosa: Butterfield (1990).
Chaetoderma: Glands, associated with papillae, “presumed to secrete the calcareous spicules” (Nielsen et al., 2007).
Leptochiton: Checa, Vendrasco, & Salas (2017).
Mopalia: Leise (1986).
Sipunculus: No evidence of microvillar secretion (e.g. Schulze, Cutler, & Giribet, 2005).
Wirenia: Secreted from base in Epimenia (Okusu, 2002), presumably by microvilli.

[12] Microvillar diameter

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 4 to tree score (2 with Fitch)4 additional regions (not counted by Fitch)An optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[-]Cotyledion tylodes[-]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[-]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[2]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[2]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[2]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[-]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[-]Phoronis[-]Namacalathus[-]Flustra[1]Amathia[2]Serpula[2]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[-]Sipunculus[1]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[-]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[-]Haliotis[-]Pojetaia runnegari[-]Mytilus[-]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[-]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[1]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 12: Adult setae: Secretion: Microvillar diameter

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

The diameter of secretory microvilli may vary across the diameter of a seta (Smith, 2014).

Amathia: No trend in microvillar size (Gordon, 1975).
Capitella: Generally largest at core of shaft, with some additional differentiation within hooks and manubrium (Schweigkofler, Bartolomaeus, & Salvini-Plawen, 1998).
Leptochiton: Checa et al. (2017).
Lingula: Widest in centre (Lüter, 2000).
Mopalia: Leise (1986).
Pelagodiscus atlanticus: Slight decrease towards margin in Discinisca (Lüter, 2003).
Serpula: Decreasing towards seta margin in Scolelepis (Hausen, 2005) and Disoma (Orrhage, 1971).
Terebratulina: Decreases towards margin in Terebratalia larvae (Gustus & Cloney, 1972).
Tonicella: Uniform (Fischer et al., 1980; Leise & Cloney, 1982).

[13] Microvillar canal aspect

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 4 to tree score (1 with Fitch)4 additional regions (not counted by Fitch)An optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[-]Cotyledion tylodes[-]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[-]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[2]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[2]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[2]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[-]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[-]Phoronis[-]Namacalathus[-]Flustra[2]Amathia[1]Serpula[1]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[-]Sipunculus[1]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[-]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[-]Haliotis[-]Pojetaia runnegari[-]Mytilus[-]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[-]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[1]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 13: Adult setae: Secretion: Microvillar canal aspect

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

Lüter (2000) distinguishes between the polygonal outline of microvillar canals in adult brachiopod setae and the oval outline of larval setae.

Amathia: Polygonal (Gordon, 1975).
Capitella: Predominantly round, though becoming close packed in places (Schweigkofler et al., 1998).
Leptochiton: Checa et al. (2017).
Lingula: Polygonal (Lüter, 2000).
Mopalia: Leise (1986).
Pelagodiscus atlanticus: Reported as hexagonal in Discina (Lüter, 2000).
Serpula: Annelid setae are prominently round, with gaps between each microvillar chamber (Orrhage, 1971).
Terebratulina: Polygonal in Calloria (Lüter, 2000).
Tonicella: Round (Fischer et al., 1980).
Wiwaxia corrugata: The loose spacing of pyrite infills of microvillar canals in Wiwaxia sclerites (Smith, 2014) argues against a close-packed arrangement.

[14] Organic constituent

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 4 to tree score (2 with Fitch)2 additional regions (not counted by Fitch)An optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[-]Cotyledion tylodes[-]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[-]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[-]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[-]Phoronis[-]Namacalathus[-]Flustra[1]Amathia[1]Serpula[1]Capitella[1]Canadia spinosa[2]Sipunculus[1]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[-]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[-]Haliotis[-]Pojetaia runnegari[-]Mytilus[-]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[2]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 14: Adult setae: Composition: Organic constituent

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

The majority of lophotrochozoan sclerites are chitinous, occasionally hosting secondary biominerals.

Canadia spinosa, Wiwaxia corrugata: Presumed chitin due to preservational character.
Leptochiton: “The spicules and scales […] are composed of aragonite and a highly glycosylated proteinaceous organic matrix” (Checa et al., 2017; Treves et al., 2003).
Mopalia: Chitinous (Leise, 1986).
Sipunculus: Enzymatic test for chitin proved negative (Rice, 1993).

[15] Enamel

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 3 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[0]Cotyledion tylodes[0]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[0]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[0]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[1]Serpula[0]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[?]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[0]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 15: Adult setae: Composition: Enamel

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Certain setae are encapsulated in a 20 nm wide electron dense layer, termed “enamel” by Gustus & Cloney (1973). Enamel may be absent in larval setae (Lüter, 2003); this character refers to the condition in adult setae.

Amathia: Not evident (Gordon, 1975).
Capitella: Not evident (Schweigkofler et al., 1998).
Mopalia: Not visible in TEM sections (Leise, 1986).
Pelagodiscus atlanticus: Enamel layer apparent in Discina (Williams et al., 1997a, fig. 47.1).
Serpula: Present in Nereis (Gustus & Cloney, 1973).
Terebratulina: Present in the terebratulid Calloria (and the Rhynchonellid Notosaria) (Lüter, 2000).
Tonicella: Not evident (Fischer et al., 1980; Leise, 1988).

[16] Mineralized core

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[0]Orthrozanclus[0]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[0]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[0]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[0]Pelagiella[1]Kulindroplax perissokomos[1]Acaenoplax hayae[1]Wirenia[1]Chaetoderma[1]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[1]Leptochiton[1]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[1]Calvapilosa kroegeri[1]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 16: Adult setae: Composition: Mineralized core

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Per character 4 in Vinther et al. (2017), the sclerites and spicules of many aculiferans have a calcareous core.

Acaenoplax hayae: The spines are ‘probably aragonitic’ (Sutton et al., 2004).
Mopalia: Spicules in medial bundles (Leise, 1986) not considered equivalent.
Tonicella: “Small, simple hairs” (Leise, 1988).
Wirenia: Aragonitic (Okusu, 2002).

[17] Distribution

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 5 to tree score2 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[-]Cotyledion tylodes[-]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[-]Haplophrentis carinatus[1]Mickwitzia muralensis[1]Heliomedusa orienta[2]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[2]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[2]Yuganotheca elegans[2]Lingula[2]Lingulellotreta malongensis[2]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[-]Novocrania[1]Micrina[-]Paterimitra[-]Phoronis[-]Namacalathus[-]Flustra[4]Amathia[3]Serpula[3]Capitella[3]Canadia spinosa[-]Sipunculus[3]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[-]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[-]Haliotis[-]Pojetaia runnegari[-]Mytilus[-]Dentalium[3]Pelagiella[1]Kulindroplax perissokomos[3]Acaenoplax hayae[1]Wirenia[1]Chaetoderma[1]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[1]Leptochiton[1]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[1]Calvapilosa kroegeri[1]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 17: Adult setae: Distribution

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

Setae penetrate the valves of many brachiopods. In certain taxa, they are apparent only at the margins of the valves, in association with the commissure, being reduced or lost over the surface of the shell.

The ‘fascicles’ of Vinther et al. (2017) are a specific case of the ‘bundles’ described here.

Acaenoplax hayae: Strictly, in transverse rows (Sutton et al., 2004), but in view of the serial repetition this state is deemed appropriate.
Calvapilosa kroegeri: No zonation evident (Vinther et al., 2017).
Chaetoderma: Repetition only evident in larvae (Nielsen et al., 2007).
Eccentrotheca: Skovsted et al (2011) assumed the setae may have been present along the margin of the adapical opening, but there is no fossil evidence.
Glaphurochiton carbonarius: Girdle at margin of organism (Hoare & Mapes, 1986).
Heliomedusa orienta: Throughout the shell – see Williams et al. 2007 – causing the pustulose appearance remarked upon by Chen et al. 2007.
Kulindroplax perissokomos: Sutton et al. (2012).
Leptochiton: Checa et al. (2017).
Lingulellotreta malongensis: At margin of shell (Zhang et al., 2005).
Mopalia: No obvious pattern or arrangement evident (Leise, 1986).
Phthipodochiton thraivensis: No pattern apparent (Sutton & Sigwart, 2012).
Siphogonuchites multa: No evidence of metamerism is evident (Bengtson, 1992).
Tonicella: Uniformly distributed around girdle (though not within shell) with no serial repetition (Leise, 1988; Vinther & Nielsen, 2005).
Wirenia: In Epimenia (Okusu, 2002).

[18] Present on anteriormost segment

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score (1 with Fitch)1 additional region (not counted by Fitch)An optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[-]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[-]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[?]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[-]Flustra[?]Amathia[2]Serpula[2]Capitella[1]Canadia spinosa[-]Sipunculus[1]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[-]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[-]Haliotis[-]Pojetaia runnegari[-]Mytilus[-]Dentalium[-]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[-]Tonicella[-]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[-]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 18: Adult setae: Distribution: Present on anteriormost segment

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

This character attempts to reflect character 115 in Parry, Edgecombe, Eibye-Jacobsen, & Vinther (2016), as modified by Nanglu & Caron (2018). This character seeks to capture the fact that both Canadia and Phragmochaeta are interpreted as bearing chaetal bundles on their anterior segments (Parry, Vinther, & Edgecombe, 2015). Wiwaxia does too.

I treat the character as transformational, coding it as inapplicable where trunk chaetae or parapodia are absent, as it is not possible to independently verify the ancestral state of this character.

[19] Internal constitution

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 5 to tree score (4 with Fitch)2 additional regions (not counted by Fitch)An optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[-]Cotyledion tylodes[-]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[-]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[-]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[-]Phoronis[-]Namacalathus[-]Flustra[2]Amathia[1]Serpula[1]Capitella[1]Canadia spinosa[2]Sipunculus[1]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[-]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[-]Haliotis[-]Pojetaia runnegari[-]Mytilus[-]Dentalium[1]Pelagiella[1]Kulindroplax perissokomos[1]Acaenoplax hayae[1]Wirenia[1]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[1]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[2]Calvapilosa kroegeri[2]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 19: Adult setae: Internal constitution

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

Sipunculan “setae” are basally invaginated, suggesting that they may not be homologous with annelid chaetae. Certain aculiferans also exhibit basally hollow sclerites (Vinther et al., 2017, character 6).

Acaenoplax hayae: No indication of basal invagination (Sutton et al., 2004).
Amathia: Cytoplasmic intrusion into a central cavity (Gordon, 1975).
Calvapilosa kroegeri: Hollow conical sclerites (Vinther et al., 2017).
Capitella: Schweigkofler et al. (1998).
Chaetoderma: Scheltema (1976).
Kulindroplax perissokomos: The sclerites are described as blade-like (Sutton et al., 2012); their concavo-convex shape presumably relates to the surface of the blade, rather than being intended to imply a deep basal cavity.
Mopalia: Leise (1986).
Pelagiella: Seemingly without invagination.
Phthipodochiton thraivensis: Inadequately preserved to determine (Sutton & Sigwart, 2012).
Siphogonuchites multa: Profoundly hollow: deep basal invagination (Bengtson, 1992; Conway Morris & Chapman, 1996).
Wirenia: Sealed base, despite internal chamber, in Epimenia (Okusu, 2002).

[20] Distinct shaft

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 4 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[0]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[0]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[?]Serpula[1]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[1]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[0]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[0]Pelagiella[0]Kulindroplax perissokomos[0]Acaenoplax hayae[1]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[0]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[0]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[0]Calvapilosa kroegeri[0]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 20: Adult setae: Distinct shaft

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

The setae of certain taxa (e.g. Wiwaxia, Mopalia) have a differentiated shaft that inserts into the body wall.

Canadia spinosa: Butterfield (1990).
Capitella: Shaft and hood (Schweigkofler et al., 1998).
Chaetoderma: Scheltema (1976).
Glaphurochiton carbonarius: Seemingly absent (Hoare & Mapes, 1986).
Pelagiella: No shaft evident (Thomas & Vinther, 2012).
Siphogonuchites multa: Absent, in contradistinction to Halkieria (Conway Morris & Chapman, 1996).
Wirenia: Somewhat distinct in Epimenia (Okusu, 2002).
Wiwaxia corrugata: Smith (2014).

[21] Hooks

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[?]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[?]Amathia[1]Serpula[1]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[0]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[0]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 21: Adult setae: Hooks

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Hooked chaetae arise through the reorientation of the chaetoblast during secretion (Hausen, 2005). (???) and Parry et al. (2016) distinguish falcate (sickle-shaped) hooks (characters 121 and 98 respectively), dentate hooks (characters 122 and 92) and uncini (characters 123 and 94) as fundamentally different types of chaetae. A dentate hook, however, can be seen as a falcate hook with additional adrostral teeth or processes (Tilic, Bartolomaeus, & Rouse, 2016). We therefore code simply for the presence of apical curvature in any chaetae, with a view that a gain of a ‘hook’ represents an evolutionary novelty that might then be expressed in various locations and complemented by the addition of subsidiary dentition (i.e. adrostral hooks).

For terminology, see Bartolomaeus (2002) and Holthe (1986).

Capitella: Present in Notomastus (Capitellidae) (Hausen, 2005, fig. 4).
Serpula: Following coding of character 80 in Capa, Hutchings, Aguado, & Bott (2011); uncini scored as present by Parry et al. (2016).

[22] Capitium

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[?]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[?]Amathia[1]Serpula[1]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[0]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[0]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 22: Adult setae: Capitium

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Character 81 in Capa et al. (2011). The capitium is a region on the convex surface of the rostrum (if present) that contains containing multiple teeth, each secreted by an individual microvillus (Bartolomaeus, 2002; Hausen, 2005; Holthe, 1986), and in a consistent orientation with the margin of the chaeta.

Capitella: Present in Notomastus (Capitellidae) (Hausen, 2005, fig. 4).

[23] Projecting knobs

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 4 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[0]Cotyledion tylodes[0]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[0]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[0]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[1]Capitella[1]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[0]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[0]Pelagiella[0]Kulindroplax perissokomos[0]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[0]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[0]Calvapilosa kroegeri[0]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 23: Adult setae: Projecting knobs

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Terebratulids and discinids instead exhibit knob-like individual spines. These are distinct from the rings of spines that fringe lingulid setae.

Calvapilosa kroegeri: Vinther et al. (2017).
Canadia spinosa: Marginal knobs and serrations (Butterfield, 1990).
Capitella: Projections around hood (Schweigkofler et al., 1998).
Chaetoderma: Scheltema (1976).
Lingula: Lüter (2000).
Pelagodiscus atlanticus: Discinisca sports individual peripheral spines (Lüter, 2003; Williams et al., 1997a).
Note that the “embryonic” setae of Discinids correspond to the “larval setae” of other brachiopods, and the “larval setae” of juvenile discinids correspond to adult setae (Lüter, 2003).
Serpula: Surface smooth (Sun & Qiu, 2012).
Siphogonuchites multa: Conway Morris & Chapman (1996).
Terebratulina: Individual peripheral spines (in Calloria; Lüter, 2000).
Wirenia: In Epimenia (Okusu, 2002).

[24] Circling coronae

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[0]Cotyledion tylodes[0]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[0]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[0]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[0]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[0]Pelagiella[0]Kulindroplax perissokomos[0]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[0]Calvapilosa kroegeri[0]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 24: Adult setae: Circling coronae

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Lingulid setae bear crown-like rings of fine spines delimiting vertical sections, recalling the nodes of Equisetum stems. These arise by the addition of an additional circlet of microvilli (see Lüter, 2000, fig. 1e).

Capitella: Schweigkofler et al. (1998).
Chaetoderma: Scheltema (1976).
Wirenia: Epimenia (Okusu, 2002).

4.4 Body organization

[25] Serial repetition

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 5 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[0]Cotyledion tylodes[0]Orthrozanclus[0]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[0]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[0]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[0]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[1]Serpula[1]Capitella[1]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[1]Wiwaxia corrugata[1]Odontogriphus omalus[1]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[0]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[0]Pelagiella[1]Kulindroplax perissokomos[1]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[1]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[1]Polysacos vickersianum[1]Leptochiton[1]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[1]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 25: Body organization: Serial repetition

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Serial repetition in adult, whether expressed in valves, soft tissues or exoskeletal elements. See character 13 in Rouse (1999); 19 in Vinther et al. (2008); 38 in Haszprunar (1996); 40–41 in Sutton & Sigwart (2012); Wanninger (2009).

Acaenoplax hayae: Serial repetition of lobes and spine rows (Sutton et al., 2004).
Calvapilosa kroegeri: Conceivably evident in soft tissue that is not preserved, e.g. gills.
Chaetoderma: Present in larval stages only (Nielsen et al., 2007).
Dailyatia: Unknown whether sclerites are serially repeated, or whether metameres were present in underlying soft anatomy.
Halkieria evangelista: Elements of the Halkieria scleritome adhere to a quincunx arrangement, with different spacing of elements in each zone; there is no evidence of a metameric arrangement.
Namacalathus, Wirenia: Not evident.
Neopilina: Serially repeated gills.
Odontogriphus omalus: Repetition of ctenidia (Caron, Scheltema, Schander, & Rudkin, 2006).
Orthrozanclus: Coded following Halkieria.
Pelagiella: Not apparent in distribution of setae (Thomas & Vinther, 2012).
Yilingia spiciformis: Present (Chen et al., 2019).

[26] Annulae

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[1]Serpula[1]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[0]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 26: Body organization: Annulae

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

The trunk of Sipunculus and many annelid worms bear annulations.

[27] Subdivided head

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[1]Serpula[1]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[0]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 27: Body organization: Subdivided head

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

The annelid head comprises a differentiated prostomium and peristomium. See character 119 in Parry & Caron (2019).

Canadia spinosa, Serpula: Following Parry & Caron (2019).
Capitella: Fused prostomium and peristomium, following Parry & Caron (2019).
Halkieria evangelista: Unknown (contra Parry & Caron, 2019); no soft tissue preservation.
Odontogriphus omalus, Wiwaxia corrugata: No evidence of subdivision.
Sipunculus: The sipunculan proboscis corresponds to the annelid prostomium (Zhang & Smith, 2020).

[28] Pedal groove

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 3 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[0]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[0]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[1]Wiwaxia corrugata[1]Odontogriphus omalus[1]Neopilina[1]Conocardium elongatum[1]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[1]Mytilus[1]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[0]Kulindroplax perissokomos[1]Acaenoplax hayae[1]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[1]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[1]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[1]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 28: Body organization: Pedal groove

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Certain aculiferans have secondarily lost a foot, but retain a pedal groove.

Acaenoplax hayae: Sutton et al. (2004).
Kulindroplax perissokomos: Sutton et al. (2012).
Loxosomella: Present in larvae only (???), presumably equivalent to the neurotroch.
Phthipodochiton thraivensis: Seemingly present, though foot unequivocally absent (Sutton et al., 2012; Sutton & Sigwart, 2012).
Wirenia: Present and flanked by a distinct set of spicules in Epimenia (Okusu, 2002).

[30] Coelom

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[1]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[1]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[1]Flustra[1]Amathia[1]Serpula[1]Capitella[1]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[1]Wiwaxia corrugata[1]Odontogriphus omalus[1]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[1]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[1]Mytilus[1]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[1]Kulindroplax perissokomos[1]Acaenoplax hayae[1]Wirenia[1]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[1]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 30: Body organization: Coelom

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Flustra: “Adult ectoprocts differentiate true coelomic cavities” – Fuchs & Wanninger (2008).
Haplophrentis carinatus: Internal cavities indicated by differentiation of internal organs (see ???).
Loxosomella: “Adult entoprocts are acoelomate” – Fuchs & Wanninger (2008).
Phoronis: Temereva (2017).

[31] Number

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[2]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[2]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[2]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[2]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[2]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[2]Flustra[2]Amathia[2]Serpula[2]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[1]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[1]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[1]Mytilus[1]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[1]Wirenia[1]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[1]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[2]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 31: Body organization: Coelomoducts: Number

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

Character 27 in Haszprunar (2000). Coelomoducts are excretory organs derived from the coelom, also in some cases serving as genital ducts (gonoducts); they replace (and may resemble) nephridia (Goodrich, 1945).

Flustra: Multiple ciliated ducts leading to a common gonopore (Goodrich, 1945).
Loxosomella: Two coelomoducts pass outwards, meet, and open by a common pore (Goodrich, 1945).
Phoronis: “large coelomic funnels serving as genital ducts” (Goodrich, 1945).

[32] Gills

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[0]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[0]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[0]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[0]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[1]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[1]Wiwaxia corrugata[1]Odontogriphus omalus[1]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[1]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[1]Mytilus[1]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[1]Kulindroplax perissokomos[1]Acaenoplax hayae[1]Wirenia[1]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[1]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 32: Body organization: Gills

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Gills (or ctenidia) surround the molluscan foot.
Characters 1.59–60, 2.09, 4.49 in von Salvini-Plawen & Steiner (1996); 10–11 in Haszprunar (2000); 45 in Sutton & Sigwart (2012).

Acaenoplax hayae: The posterior projections are interpreted as resembling the gill folds of solenogasatres (Sutton et al., 2004).
Calvapilosa kroegeri: Not preserved, though presumably present.
Canadia spinosa: Parry & Caron (2019).
Capitella: “Branchiae” are present, but are not considered to be homologous with the gills of other polychaetes as they are extensions of the coelom rather than loops of the circulatory system (???; ???).

[33] Ctenidia

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 4 to tree score (3 with Fitch)1 additional region (not counted by Fitch)An optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[-]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[-]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[-]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[-]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[-]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[-]Flustra[-]Amathia[-]Serpula[-]Capitella[2]Canadia spinosa[-]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[2]Odontogriphus omalus[2]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[2]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[2]Mytilus[1]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[2]Kulindroplax perissokomos[1]Acaenoplax hayae[1]Wirenia[2]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[2]Tonicella[2]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[2]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 33: Body organization: Gills: Ctenidia

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

Acaenoplax hayae: The posterior projections are interpreted as resembling the gill folds of solenogasatres (Sutton et al., 2004).
Canadia spinosa: Parry & Caron (2019).
Wirenia, Chaetoderma: “Gill folds” in solenogastres; true ctenidia in caudofoveates (Sutton et al., 2004).
Kulindroplax perissokomos: “More closely comparable to the ctenidia of caudofoveates” (???).
Odontogriphus omalus: Gills appear to have leaflets (Caron et al., 2006).
Wiwaxia corrugata: Unclear (Smith, 2014).

[34] Circulatory system

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 4 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[1]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[1]Flustra[1]Amathia[3]Serpula[4]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[2]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[2]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[2]Mytilus[2]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[2]Wirenia[2]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[2]Tonicella[2]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[2]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[2]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 34: Body organization: Circulatory system

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

After character 23 in Haszprunar (1996); 24 in Haszprunar (2000); 41 in Rouse (1999); 16 in Scheltema (1993); 16 in Vinther et al. (2008); 5 in Haszprunar & Wanninger (2008).

Flustra, Amathia: As Brachiopods, sipunculans and relatives (Ruppert & Carle, 1983).
Loxosomella, Tonicella, Dentalium: See Haszprunar & Wanninger (2008).
Sipunculus: Open circulatory system.

4.5 Pedicle

[35] Presence

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 4 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[0]Orthrozanclus[0]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[0]Haplophrentis carinatus[1]Mickwitzia muralensis[0]Heliomedusa orienta[1]Micromitra[0]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[1]Orthis[1]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[1]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[1]Micrina[1]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[0]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[0]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[0]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[0]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[0]Pelagiella[0]Kulindroplax perissokomos[0]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[0]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[0]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[0]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[0]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[0]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 35: Pedicle: Presence

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

The brachiopod pedicle is a fleshy protuberance that emerges from the posterior part of the body wall – as denoted in fossil taxa by its occurrence between the dorsal and ventral valves.

It is important to distinguish the pedicle from the “pedicle sheath”, a tubular extension of the umbo that grows by accretion from an isolated portion of the ventral mantle. For discussion see Holmer et al. 2018T and Bassett and Popov 2017.

Cotyledion tylodes: The stalk is conceivably homologous with the brachiopod pedicle, but this possibility is impossible to test.
Flustra: Grows directly onto the substrate.
Heliomedusa orienta: “It seems unlikely that H. orienta possessed a pedicle that attached it to
the soft seafloor, like most other Chengjiang brachiopods.” …
“The putative pedicle illustrated by Chen et al. (2007: Figs 4, 6, 7) in fact is the mold of a three-dimensionally preserved visceral cavity” – Zhang et al. 2009.
Loxosomella: The stalk corresponds to the molluscan foot, rather than a pedicle.
Mickwitzia muralensis: An attachment structure is inferred based on the presence of an opening (Balthasar 2004); this is assumed to have been homologous with the brachiopod pedicle.
Micrina: The prominent foramen between artificially articulated valves is taken to imply the presence of a pedicle (???).
Micromitra: The presence of a pedicle is indicated by the propensity of Micromitra to attach to hard substrates, such as sponge spicules (???).
Namacalathus: There is no obvious way to homologise the attachment structure with the ventral pedicle of brachiopods.
Paterimitra: “Paterimitra is interpreted to have attached to hard substrates via a pedicle that emerged through the small posterior opening” – Skovsted et al. 2009.
Pedunculotheca diania: Coded as ambiguous: (???) that the ‘pedicle’ observed by (???) represents part of the shell. Subsidiary characters are coded as ambiguous for the observed state or inapplicable.
Phoronis: The tube-bearing stalk of phoronids arises as an eversion of the metastomal sac, a markedly different origin from the brachiopod pedicle, which arises from a terminal attachment disc (Young, 2002); the structures are of dubious homology.
Sipunculus: Absent; there is no clear basis to homologise the larval attachment structure of certain sipunculans with a pedicle.

[36] Constitution

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 0 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[-]Cotyledion tylodes[-]Orthrozanclus[-]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[-]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[-]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[-]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[1]Orthis[1]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[1]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[-]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[-]Phoronis[-]Namacalathus[-]Flustra[-]Amathia[-]Serpula[-]Capitella[-]Canadia spinosa[-]Sipunculus[-]Wiwaxia corrugata[-]Odontogriphus omalus[-]Neopilina[-]Conocardium elongatum[-]Haliotis[-]Pojetaia runnegari[-]Mytilus[-]Dentalium[-]Pelagiella[-]Kulindroplax perissokomos[-]Acaenoplax hayae[-]Wirenia[-]Chaetoderma[-]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[-]Tonicella[-]Mopalia[-]Polysacos vickersianum[-]Leptochiton[-]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[-]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[-]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 36: Pedicle: Constitution

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

The pedicle of certain chengjiang rhynchonelliforms comprises “densely stacked, three dimensionally preserved, tabular discs” (Holmer, Popov, et al. (2018)).
This contrasts with the uniform (‘massive’) pedicles of living taxa.

Terebratulina: Extant rhynconellid pedicles are massive, consisting of a thick outer chitinous cuticle, a pedicle epithelium, and a core composed of collagen fibres and cartilage-like connective tissue (Holmer et al. 2018E).

[37] Biomineralization

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[-]Cotyledion tylodes[-]Orthrozanclus[-]Halkieria evangelista[-2]Pedunculotheca diania[-]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[-]Heliomedusa orienta[1]Micromitra[-]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[2]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[1]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[-]Novocrania[1]Micrina[1]Paterimitra[-]Phoronis[-]Namacalathus[-]Flustra[-]Amathia[-]Serpula[-]Capitella[-]Canadia spinosa[-]Sipunculus[-]Wiwaxia corrugata[-]Odontogriphus omalus[-]Neopilina[-]Conocardium elongatum[-]Haliotis[-]Pojetaia runnegari[-]Mytilus[-]Dentalium[-]Pelagiella[-]Kulindroplax perissokomos[-]Acaenoplax hayae[-]Wirenia[-]Chaetoderma[-]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[-]Tonicella[-]Mopalia[-]Polysacos vickersianum[-]Leptochiton[-]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[-]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[-]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 37: Pedicle: Biomineralization

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

Micromitra: A pedicle has not been observed in biomineralized material (???), indicating an originally non-mineralized constitution.

[38] Bulb

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[0]Cotyledion tylodes[0]Orthrozanclus[0]Halkieria evangelista[0]Pedunculotheca diania[0]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[0]Heliomedusa orienta[0]Micromitra[0]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[1]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[1]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[0]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[0]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[0]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[0]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[0]Pelagiella[0]Kulindroplax perissokomos[0]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[0]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[0]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[0]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[0]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[0]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 38: Pedicle: Bulb

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

A bulb is an expanded region of the distal pedicle, often embedded into the sediment to improve anchorage.

[39] Distal rootlets

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[0]Cotyledion tylodes[0]Orthrozanclus[0]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[0]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[0]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[0]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[0]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[0]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[0]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[0]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[0]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[0]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[0]Pelagiella[0]Kulindroplax perissokomos[0]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[0]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[0]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[0]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[0]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[0]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 39: Pedicle: Distal rootlets

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Observed in Pedunculotheca and Bethia (Sutton et al 2005).

[40] Tapering

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[-]Cotyledion tylodes[-]Orthrozanclus[-]Halkieria evangelista[-2]Pedunculotheca diania[-]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[-]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[-]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[2]Yuganotheca elegans[2]Lingula[1]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[-]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[-]Phoronis[-]Namacalathus[-]Flustra[-]Amathia[-]Serpula[-]Capitella[-]Canadia spinosa[-]Sipunculus[-]Wiwaxia corrugata[-]Odontogriphus omalus[-]Neopilina[-]Conocardium elongatum[-]Haliotis[-]Pojetaia runnegari[-]Mytilus[-]Dentalium[-]Pelagiella[-]Kulindroplax perissokomos[-]Acaenoplax hayae[-]Wirenia[-]Chaetoderma[-]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[-]Tonicella[-]Mopalia[-]Polysacos vickersianum[-]Leptochiton[-]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[-]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[-]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 40: Pedicle: Tapering

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

Holmer et al. (2018) remark that the tapering aspect of the Nisusia pedicle recalls that of certain Chengjiang taxa (Alisina, Longtancunella) whilst distinguishing it from many other taxa (Eichwaldia, Bethia) in which the pedicle is a constant thickness.

Pedunculotheca diania: The pedicle thickness gradually typering from the apex of the shell to the holdfast.

[41] Coelomic region

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[-]Cotyledion tylodes[-]Orthrozanclus[-]Halkieria evangelista[-2]Pedunculotheca diania[-]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[-]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[-]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[2]Yuganotheca elegans[2]Lingula[2]Lingulellotreta malongensis[2]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[-]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[-]Phoronis[-]Namacalathus[-]Flustra[-]Amathia[-]Serpula[-]Capitella[-]Canadia spinosa[-]Sipunculus[-]Wiwaxia corrugata[-]Odontogriphus omalus[-]Neopilina[-]Conocardium elongatum[-]Haliotis[-]Pojetaia runnegari[-]Mytilus[-]Dentalium[-]Pelagiella[-]Kulindroplax perissokomos[-]Acaenoplax hayae[-]Wirenia[-]Chaetoderma[-]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[-]Tonicella[-]Mopalia[-]Polysacos vickersianum[-]Leptochiton[-]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[-]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[-]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 41: Pedicle: Coelomic region

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

Certain brachiopods, such as Acanthotretella, exhibit a coelomic cavity within the pedicle or pedicle sheath.

Treated as transformational as it is not clear that either state is necessarily ancestral.

[42] Surface ornament

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[-]Cotyledion tylodes[-]Orthrozanclus[-]Halkieria evangelista[-2]Pedunculotheca diania[-]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[-]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[-]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[2]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[2]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[-]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[-]Phoronis[-]Namacalathus[-]Flustra[-]Amathia[-]Serpula[-]Capitella[-]Canadia spinosa[-]Sipunculus[-]Wiwaxia corrugata[-]Odontogriphus omalus[-]Neopilina[-]Conocardium elongatum[-]Haliotis[-]Pojetaia runnegari[-]Mytilus[-]Dentalium[-]Pelagiella[-]Kulindroplax perissokomos[-]Acaenoplax hayae[-]Wirenia[-]Chaetoderma[-]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[-]Tonicella[-]Mopalia[-]Polysacos vickersianum[-]Leptochiton[-]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[-]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[-]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 42: Pedicle: Surface ornament

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

Annulations are regular rings that surround the pedicle, and are distinguished from wrinkles, which are irregular in magnitude and spacing, and may branch or fail to entirely encircle the pedicle.

Lingulellotreta malongensis: Regularly annotated (see fig. 14.9 in Hou et al. 2017).
Yuganotheca elegans: Annulations present in median collar.

[43] Nerve impression

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[0]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[0]Orthrozanclus[0]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[0]Micromitra[0]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[0]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[1]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[0]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[0]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[0]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[0]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[0]Pelagiella[0]Kulindroplax perissokomos[0]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[0]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[0]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[0]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[0]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[0]Dailyatia[0]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 43: Pedicle: Nerve impression

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

In certain taxa the impression of the pedicle nerve is evident in the shell. See character 28 in Williams et al. (1998T) appendix 1. Care must be taken not to code an impression as absent when the preservational quality is insufficient to safely infer a genuine absence. Treated as neomorphic as the presence of an innervation is considered a derived state.

Lingula: Present in many lingulids (Williams et al. 2000), and coded as present in Lingulidae (Williams et al. 2000, table 6).
Lingulellotreta malongensis: Coded as present in Lingulellotretidae (Williams et al. 2000, table 6).
Micromitra: Following Williams et al. 1998T, appendix 2.
Orthis: Not reported in Williams et al. 2000.
Pelagodiscus atlanticus: Coded as present in Discinidae (Williams et al. 2000, table 6).

4.6 Mantle cavity

[44] Presence

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[1]Wiwaxia corrugata[1]Odontogriphus omalus[1]Neopilina[1]Conocardium elongatum[1]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[1]Mytilus[1]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[1]Kulindroplax perissokomos[1]Acaenoplax hayae[1]Wirenia[1]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[1]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[1]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 44: Mantle cavity: Presence

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Character 8 in Haszprunar (2000).

Loxosomella, Flustra: Absent: Mantle absent.

[45] Reduced

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[0]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[0]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[1]Kulindroplax perissokomos[1]Acaenoplax hayae[1]Wirenia[1]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[0]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 45: Mantle cavity: Reduced

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Reduced in aplacophorans; see Scheltema (1993).

[46] Open face

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[-]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[-]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[-]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[-]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[-]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[-]Flustra[-]Amathia[-]Serpula[-]Capitella[-]Canadia spinosa[-]Sipunculus[1]Wiwaxia corrugata[1]Odontogriphus omalus[1]Neopilina[1]Conocardium elongatum[2]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[1]Mytilus[1]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[2]Kulindroplax perissokomos[2]Acaenoplax hayae[2]Wirenia[2]Chaetoderma[2]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[1]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[1]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 46: Mantle cavity: Open face

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

The mantle cavity (pallial cavity) has an open face in polyplacophorans, but forms a blind sac in taxa such as gastropods. See Simone (2009).

Calvapilosa kroegeri: Extensive, open-faced mantle cavity surrounding foot (Vinther et al., 2017).
Phthipodochiton thraivensis: Indirectly implied (Sutton et al., 2012).

[47] Sac opening

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 3 to tree score1 additional regionAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[-]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[-]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[-]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[-]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[-]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[-]Flustra[-]Amathia[-]Serpula[-]Capitella[-]Canadia spinosa[-]Sipunculus[-]Wiwaxia corrugata[-]Odontogriphus omalus[-]Neopilina[-]Conocardium elongatum[3]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[-]Mytilus[-]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[1]Kulindroplax perissokomos[1]Acaenoplax hayae[2]Wirenia[1]Chaetoderma[2]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[-]Tonicella[-]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[-]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[-]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 47: Mantle cavity: Sac opening

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

Caudofoveate and solenogaster aplacophorans can be distinguished based on the direction that their mantle cavity opens (Sutton et al., 2012).

Wirenia, Chaetoderma, Kulindroplax perissokomos: Sutton et al. (2012).
Phthipodochiton thraivensis: Indirectly interpreted as posterioventral (Sutton et al., 2012).

[48] Pallial line

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[0]Orthrozanclus[0]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[0]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[0]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[0]Odontogriphus omalus[1]Neopilina[1]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[1]Pojetaia runnegari[1]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[0]Pelagiella[0]Kulindroplax perissokomos[0]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[0]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[0]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[0]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[0]Calvapilosa kroegeri[0]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[0]Dailyatia[0]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 48: Mantle cavity: Pallial line

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

The pallial line is a mark on inner surface of a shell reflecting the attachment of the mantle.

Conocardium elongatum: Prominent in some rostroconchs (Runnegar, 1978).
Neopilina: Present, marking limit of nacreous layer (McLean, 1979).

4.7 Mantle canals

[49] Presence

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[0]Eccentrotheca[0]Cotyledion tylodes[0]Orthrozanclus[0]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[1]Heliomedusa orienta[1]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[1]Orthis[1]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[1]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[?]Micrina[0]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[0]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[0]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[0]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[0]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[0]Pelagiella[0]Kulindroplax perissokomos[0]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[0]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[0]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[0]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[0]Calvapilosa kroegeri[0]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[0]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 49: Mantle canals: Presence

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Whether impressed on a shell or expressed solely in soft tissue.

Paterimitra: Not evident.

[50] Morphology

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 5 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[-]Eccentrotheca[-]Cotyledion tylodes[-]Orthrozanclus[-]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[1]Heliomedusa orienta[4]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[4]Orthis[1]Yuganotheca elegans[2]Lingula[3]Lingulellotreta malongensis[2]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[?]Micrina[-]Paterimitra[-]Phoronis[-]Namacalathus[-]Flustra[-]Amathia[-]Serpula[-]Capitella[-]Canadia spinosa[-]Sipunculus[-]Wiwaxia corrugata[-]Odontogriphus omalus[-]Neopilina[-]Conocardium elongatum[-]Haliotis[-]Pojetaia runnegari[-]Mytilus[-]Dentalium[-]Pelagiella[-]Kulindroplax perissokomos[-]Acaenoplax hayae[-]Wirenia[-]Chaetoderma[-]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[-]Tonicella[-]Mopalia[-]Polysacos vickersianum[-]Leptochiton[-]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[-]Calvapilosa kroegeri[-]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[-]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 50: Mantle canals: Morphology

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

The morphology of dorsal and ventral canals is identical in all included taxa, so is assumed not to be independent – hence the use of a single character (contra Williams et al. 2000).

For a description of terms see Williams et al. (1997, 2000).

Pinnate = “rapidly branch into a number of subequal, radially disposed canals”
Bifurcate = “vascula lateralia in both valves divide immediately after leaving the body cavity”
Baculate = “extend forward without any major dichotomy or bifurcation” (Williams et al. 1997 p. 418)
Saccate = “pouchlike sinuses lying wholly posterior to the arcuate vascula media” (ibid., p412).

Gasconsia: Williams et al. (2000, table 15) appear to use Palaeotrimerella (as drawn in Williams et al. 1997) as a model for Gasconsia, which pre-supposes a close relationship. We are not aware of any report of mantle canals from Gasconsia itself.
Heliomedusa orienta: Described as pinnate by Jin & Wang (1992).
Lingula, Lingulellotreta malongensis: Following table 6 in Williams et al. (2000).
Micromitra: Described as saccate by Williams et al. (1998T).
Novocrania: Following table 15 in Williams et al. (2000) (for Neocrania).
Orthis: Sacculate (sometimes digitate in dorsal valve) (Williams et al. 2000, p716).
Pelagodiscus atlanticus: Following table 6, for Discinidae, in Williams et al. (2000).
Terebratulina: “In modern terebratulides, the vascula media are subordinate to the lemniscate or pinnate vascula genitalia” – Williams et al. 1997.

[51] vascula lateralia

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
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## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
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## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
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## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
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## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
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## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[0]Eccentrotheca[0]Cotyledion tylodes[0]Orthrozanclus[0]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[1]Heliomedusa orienta[1]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[1]Orthis[1]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[1]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[?]Micrina[0]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[0]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[0]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[0]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[0]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[0]Pelagiella[0]Kulindroplax perissokomos[0]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[0]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[0]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[0]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[0]Calvapilosa kroegeri[0]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[0]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 51: Mantle canals: vascula lateralia

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

We treat the vascula lateralia as equivalent to the vascula genitalia of articulated brachiopods, allowing phylogenetic analysis to test their proposed homology.

Williams et al (1997) write: “The mantle canal system of most of the organophosphate-shelled species consists of a single pair of main trunks in the ventral mantle (vascula lateralia) and two pairs in the dorsal mantle, one pair (vascula lateralia) occupying a similar position to the single pair in the ventral mantle and a second pair projecting from the body cavity near the midline of the valve. This latter pair may be termed the vascula media, but whether they are strictly homologous with the vascula media of articulated brachiopods is a matter of opinion. It is also impossible to assert that the vascula lateralia are the homologues of the vascula myaria or genitalia of articulated species, although they are likely to be so as they arise in a comparable position.”

“In inarticulated brachiopods, two main mantle canals (vascula lateralia) emerge from the main body cavity through muscular valves and bifurcate distally to produce an increasingly dense array of blindly ending branches near the periphery of the mantle (fig. 71.1–71.2).”

Gasconsia: Williams et al. (2000, table 15) appear to use Palaeotrimerella (as drawn in Williams et al. 1997) as a model for Gasconsia, which pre-supposes a close relationship. We are not aware of any report of mantle canals from Gasconsia itself.
Heliomedusa orienta: Present: Williams et al. (2000); Jin & Wang (1992).
Lingulellotreta malongensis: Present (Williams et al. 2000).
Micromitra: “Laurie (1987) has shown that arcuate vascula media were present in the mantles of both valves as were pouchlike vascula genitalia, especially in the ventral valve” – Williams et al. 1997.
Novocrania: Following table 15 in Williams et al. (2000) (for Neocrania), who write that “Holocene craniides have only a single pair of main trunks in both valves, corresponding to the vascula lateralia”. Williams et al. (2007) reiterate this position (p. 2875), at least for the ventral valve.
Terebratulina, Orthis: = vascula genitalia.
Pelagodiscus atlanticus: Following Lochkothele (Discinidae), Fig. 43.4a in Williams et al. (2000).
Yuganotheca elegans: Based on the figures and sketches in Zhang et al. 2014 (and supplementary material), the mantle canals are interpreted as lateral, with no clear vascula media present.

[52] vascula media

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[0]Eccentrotheca[0]Cotyledion tylodes[0]Orthrozanclus[0]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[1]Heliomedusa orienta[1]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[1]Orthis[0]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[1]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[?]Novocrania[?]Micrina[0]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[0]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[0]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[0]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[0]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[0]Pelagiella[0]Kulindroplax perissokomos[0]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[0]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[0]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[0]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[0]Calvapilosa kroegeri[0]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[0]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 52: Mantle canals: vascula media

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Williams et al. (1997b) note that in addition to the vascula lateralia, “Discinisca has two additional mantle canals emanating from the body cavity into the dorsal mantle (vascula media).”

These structures are only evident in the dorsal valve for the included taxa, so only a single character is necessary.

Gasconsia: Williams et al. (2000, table 15) appear to use Palaeotrimerella (as drawn in Williams et al. 1997) as a model for Gasconsia, which pre-supposes a close relationship. We are not aware of any report of mantle canals from Gasconsia itself.
Heliomedusa orienta: Present: Williams et al. (2000) p162, Jin & Wang (1992).
Lingula, Lingulellotreta malongensis: Following table 6 in Williams et al. (2000).
Micromitra: Reported by Williams et al. (1998T).
Novocrania: Williams et al. (2000) write “Holocene craniides have only a single pair of main trunks in both valves, corresponding to the vascula lateralia” – an observation reflected in their table 15 (for Neocrania).
But in contrast, Williams et al. 2007, p. 2875, identify the dorsal valve’s canals as a vascula media in living cranidds (though both are lateralia in Ordoviian craniides). This character is therefore coded as ambiguous.
Orthis: From idealised morphology in Williams et al. (2000).
Pelagodiscus atlanticus: Following table 6 (for Discinidae) in Williams et al. (2000).
Terebratulina: “In modern terebratulides, the vascula media are subordinate to the lemniscate or pinnate vascula genitalia” – Williams et al. 1997 p417.
Yuganotheca elegans: Based on the figures and sketches in Zhang et al. 2014 (and supplementary material), the mantle canals are interpreted as lateral, with no clear vascula media present.

[53] vascula terminalia

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[-]Eccentrotheca[-]Cotyledion tylodes[-]Orthrozanclus[-]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[1]Heliomedusa orienta[1]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[1]Orthis[1]Yuganotheca elegans[2]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[2]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[?]Micrina[-]Paterimitra[-]Phoronis[-]Namacalathus[-]Flustra[-]Amathia[-]Serpula[-]Capitella[-]Canadia spinosa[-]Sipunculus[-]Wiwaxia corrugata[-]Odontogriphus omalus[-]Neopilina[-]Conocardium elongatum[-]Haliotis[-]Pojetaia runnegari[-]Mytilus[-]Dentalium[-]Pelagiella[-]Kulindroplax perissokomos[-]Acaenoplax hayae[-]Wirenia[-]Chaetoderma[-]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[-]Tonicella[-]Mopalia[-]Polysacos vickersianum[-]Leptochiton[-]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[-]Calvapilosa kroegeri[-]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[-]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 53: Mantle canals: vascula terminalia

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

Presumed to be connected with setal follicles in life (Williams et al. 1998T). See Williams et al. (2000) for discussion.

Heliomedusa orienta: Inferred from Jin & Wang (1992).
Lingula: Peripheral and medial for all Lingulata (Williams et al. 2000).
Lingulellotreta malongensis: Not described in Williams et al. (2000).
Micromitra: Peripheral only (Williams et al. 1998T; Williams et al. 2000).
Novocrania: Peripheral only (Williams et al. 2000, p.158).
Orthis: See schematics in Williams et al. (2000).
Pelagodiscus atlanticus: Following Lochkothele (Discinidae), fig. 43.4a in Williams et al. (2000).
Terebratulina: Following idealised plectolophous terebratulid of Emig (1992).

4.8 Perioral apparatus

[54] Presence

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[1]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[1]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[1]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[1]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[1]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[1]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[1]Flustra[1]Amathia[1]Serpula[0]Capitella[1]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[0]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[0]Kulindroplax perissokomos[0]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[0]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[1]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 54: Perioral apparatus: Presence

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

The lophophore is a ring of tentacles that surrounds the mouth. Temereva (2017) suggests that true lophophores must also encompass the anus, which excludes the tentacular apparatus of entoprocts from the definition; as homology between the tentacular apparatuses of entoprocts and other lophophorates has often been assumed, we prefer to take a more inclusive stance and code the structures as potentially homologous.

Tentacles also surround the mouth in certain sipunculans. On the basis of their position and innervation, the perioral tentacles of sipunculans (character 171 in Parry et al. (2016) and 1 in Schulze, Cutler, & Giribet (2007)) are treated as potential homologs of palps in annelids. Palps exhibit a broad diversity of morphologies, but can be identified based on their innervation (???; Orrhage & Müller, 2005) (following Parry et al., 2016). They typically originate as paired projections of the prostomium.

Although it is unlikely that palps and sipunculan tentacles correspond to the lophophore, homology is not inconceivable. We therefore capture the presence of a tentacular apparatus in this very broad character, with arguments against homology reflected in separate transformation series.

Canadia spinosa, Serpula: Palps present (Parry & Caron, 2019).
Capitella: Palps absent (Parry & Caron, 2019).
Cotyledion tylodes: The tentacular crown (Zhang et al., 2013) is interpreted as a lophophore.
Dentalium: The scaphopod captacula lacks tentacles of its own and has a distinctly different origin to the lophophore; compare Wanninger & Haszprunar (2002b) with e.g. Santagata (2004). It is difficult to see a case for treating these structures as homologous. Instead, the captacula has been tentatively homologised with the pre-oral tentacles of Monoplacophora and Gastropoda (Steiner, 1992), or, based on musculature and late development, the molluscan foot (cf. cephalopod arms, Wanninger & Haszprunar, 2002b)).
Haplophrentis carinatus: (???).

[55] Origin

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[2]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[?]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[2]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[3]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[2]Flustra[?]Amathia[1]Serpula[-]Capitella[1]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[-]Wiwaxia corrugata[-]Odontogriphus omalus[-]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[-]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[-]Mytilus[-]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[-]Kulindroplax perissokomos[-]Acaenoplax hayae[-]Wirenia[-]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[-]Tonicella[-]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[-]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[-]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[2]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 55: Perioral apparatus: Origin

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

The tentacles of annelids and sipunculans originate from a dorsal pair of buds on the prostomium (Adrianov, Malakhov, & Maiorova, 2006), whereas the brachiopod lophophore arises from the second pair of coelomic sacs (Nielsen, 1991).

Canadia spinosa: Prostomial palps (Parry & Caron, 2019).
Flustra: The tentacles appear at metamorphosis, seemingly from below the corona (=prototroch) (Young, 2002).
Loxosomella: Arising after metamorphosis (Nielsen, 1971).

Novocrania: “At metamorphosis [….] the second pair of coelomic sacs develop small attachment areas at the edge of the dorsal valve and become the lophophore coelom” (Nielsen, 1991)

“The larval lobes are retained during the first steps of metamorphosis and are
subsequently remodeled to form the lophophore and other adult organs” – Altenburger, Wanninger, & Holmer (2013).
Phoronis: At the posterior of the head, at the late larval stage (Santagata, 2004).
Sipunculus: Adrianov et al. (2006).
Terebratulina: Lophophore of Terebratalia arises post metamorphosis (Young, 2002); lophophore conceivably arising from vesicular bodies at base of apical lobe?

[56] Forms closed loop

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 4 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[2]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[1]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[1]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[2]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[1]Yuganotheca elegans[2]Lingula[2]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[2]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[2]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[2]Flustra[2]Amathia[2]Serpula[-]Capitella[-]Canadia spinosa[2]Sipunculus[-]Wiwaxia corrugata[-]Odontogriphus omalus[-]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[-]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[-]Mytilus[-]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[-]Kulindroplax perissokomos[-]Acaenoplax hayae[-]Wirenia[-]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[-]Tonicella[-]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[-]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[-]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[2]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 56: Perioral apparatus: Forms closed loop

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

Whereas the lophophore of crown-group brachiopods typically forms a closed loop, those of Haplophrentis and Heliomedusa diverge laterally (Moysiuk et al 2017).

Amathia: Ends of arms meet to form closed loop (Temereva & Kosevich, 2016).
Cotyledion tylodes: Tentacles form almost complete circular crown.
Loxosomella: Nielsen (1966).
Namacalathus: The existence of a lophophore is speculative.
Phoronis: Two lophophore arms rather than a single continuous loop, but with tips close together to form functional loop (Torrey, 1901).
Sipunculus, Serpula: Growing to encircle mouth in adults.

[57] Musculature

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[2]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[2]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[2]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[2]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[2]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[?]Flustra[?]Amathia[2]Serpula[-]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[2]Sipunculus[-]Wiwaxia corrugata[-]Odontogriphus omalus[-]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[-]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[-]Mytilus[-]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[-]Kulindroplax perissokomos[-]Acaenoplax hayae[-]Wirenia[-]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[-]Tonicella[-]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[-]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[-]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[1]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 57: Perioral apparatus: Musculature

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

Dentalium: Six to eight elongate muscle cells in core (Shimek, 1988), surrounded by circular muscles (Byrum & Ruppert, 1994).
Novocrania, Lingula, Pelagodiscus atlanticus, Terebratulina: “Inner coelomic epithelium underlain by muscle fibers, or in the tentacles, myoepithelial cells.” – Williams et al. (1997a).
Loxosomella: Outer main tentacle muscle; two pairs of inner longitudinal muscles (Fuchs, Bright, Funch, & Wanninger, 2006).
Phoronis: (Pardos, Roldán, Benito, & Emig, 1991).
Serpula: Peripheral muscle fibres (Hanson, 1949).
Sipunculus: Peripheral to main tentacle cavity (Pilger, 1982).

[58] Coiling direction

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[2]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[2]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[1]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[1]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[2]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[2]Flustra[2]Amathia[2]Serpula[-]Capitella[-]Canadia spinosa[2]Sipunculus[-]Wiwaxia corrugata[-]Odontogriphus omalus[-]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[-]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[-]Mytilus[-]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[-]Kulindroplax perissokomos[-]Acaenoplax hayae[-]Wirenia[-]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[-]Tonicella[-]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[-]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[-]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[2]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 58: Perioral apparatus: Coiling direction

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

The lophophore arms of Heliomedusa and Haplophrentis arch posteriad, rather than anteriad as in lingulids. See Zhang et al. 2009; Moysiuk et al. 2017.

Flustra, Amathia: Bryozoan arms reach in anal (i.e. posterior) direction (Shunkina, Zaytseva, Starunov, & Ostrovsky, 2015).
Cotyledion tylodes: Cannot establish without distinguishing gut from anus.
Lingulellotreta malongensis: Arms proceed anteriad before recurving.
Loxosomella: Posterior (anal side) of lophophore has short stretch lacking tentacles.
Pelagodiscus atlanticus: “converging anteriorly and coiling anterior to the body cavity” – Zhang et al. 2009.
Phoronis: Coiling in direction of anus (i.e. posteriad).

[59] Adjustor muscle

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[0]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[0]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[0]Kulindroplax perissokomos[0]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[0]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 59: Perioral apparatus: Adjustor muscle

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Following character 55 in Carlson (1995). Not possible to code in most fossil taxa.

Namacalathus, Dailyatia, Micromitra, Eccentrotheca, Gasconsia, Heliomedusa orienta, Lingulellotreta malongensis, Micrina, Orthis, Paterimitra, Yuganotheca elegans, Haplophrentis carinatus, Pedunculotheca diania: Preservation not adequate to evaluate presence or absence of this muscle.
Novocrania, Lingula, Pelagodiscus atlanticus, Terebratulina, Phoronis: Following coding for higher taxon in Carlson (1995), appendix 1, character 55.

[60] Innervation

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[2]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[2]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[?]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[2]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[2]Flustra[2]Amathia[1]Serpula[-]Capitella[1]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[-]Wiwaxia corrugata[-]Odontogriphus omalus[-]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[-]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[-]Mytilus[-]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[-]Kulindroplax perissokomos[-]Acaenoplax hayae[-]Wirenia[-]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[-]Tonicella[-]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[-]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[-]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[1]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 60: Perioral apparatus: Innervation

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

Annelid tentacles are innervated by palp nerves (Orrhage & Müller, 2005); lophophores ancestrally contained a pair of nerve rings (Temereva, 2017).

Flustra, Amathia: Following Temereva (2017).
Canadia spinosa: Palp innervation – Parry & Caron (2019).
Dentalium: The captacula each bear an individual nerve fibre emanating from the cerebral ganglia, which is also associated with the circumoesophageal nerve ring (Sumner-Rooney et al., 2015), recalling the situation in annelids and sipunculans.
Loxosomella: Tentacle nerves originate laterally from the cerebral ganglion, branching three times and leading to a single nerve within each tentacle (Fuchs et al., 2006).
Serpula: Orrhage & Müller (2005).
Sipunculus: Rice (1993).

[61] Tentaculate

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[2]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[2]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[2]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[2]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[2]Yuganotheca elegans[2]Lingula[2]Lingulellotreta malongensis[2]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[2]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[2]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[2]Flustra[2]Amathia[2]Serpula[-]Capitella[1]Canadia spinosa[2]Sipunculus[-]Wiwaxia corrugata[-]Odontogriphus omalus[-]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[-]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[-]Mytilus[-]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[-]Kulindroplax perissokomos[-]Acaenoplax hayae[-]Wirenia[-]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[-]Tonicella[-]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[-]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[-]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[2]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 61: Perioral apparatus: Tentaculate

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

The palps of serpulid worms, and the tentaculate crown of sipunculans, bear secondary tentacles whose appearance corresponds to the tentaculate lophophore of brachiopods. In contrast, the palps of Canadia and the captacula of scaphopods lack secondary tentacles. Coded as transformational as the presence of tentacles is not self-evidently the derived condition.

[62] Disposition

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 3 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[1]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[1]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[1]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[2]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[1]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[1]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[2]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[1]Flustra[1]Amathia[2]Serpula[-]Capitella[-]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[-]Wiwaxia corrugata[-]Odontogriphus omalus[-]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[-]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[-]Mytilus[-]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[-]Kulindroplax perissokomos[-]Acaenoplax hayae[-]Wirenia[-]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[-]Tonicella[-]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[-]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[-]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[1]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 62: Perioral apparatus: Tentacles: Disposition

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

Tentacles may occur along one or both sides of the axis of the lophophore arm (Carlson, 1995).

Amathia: Single side (Temereva & Kosevich, 2016).
Cotyledion tylodes: Tentacles seemingly occupy a single side of the lophophore (Zhang et al., 2013).
Dentalium: On rim of basal lobe only (Morton, 1959).
Flustra: Both sides (Schwaha & Wanninger, 2015; Shunkina et al., 2015).
Heliomedusa orienta: “Each lophophoral arm bears a row of long, slender flexible tentacles” – Zhang et al. 2009.
Novocrania, Lingula, Pelagodiscus atlanticus, Terebratulina, Phoronis: Following coding for higher group in Carlson 1995, appendix 1, character 36.
Lingulellotreta malongensis: “The tentacles are clearly visible, and closely arranged in a single palisade” – Zhang et al. 2004N.
Loxosomella: Single side (Nielsen, 1966).
Sipunculus: Both sides in tentacle-breathers such as Themiste (Adrianov et al., 2006; Ruppert & Rice, 1995); only one side in Sipunculus (Adrianov et al., 2006; Ruppert & Rice, 1995).

[63] Rows per side in trocholophe stage

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[0]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[0]Kulindroplax perissokomos[0]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[0]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 63: Perioral apparatus: Tentacles: Rows per side in trocholophe stage

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

After Carlson (1995), character 37. Lophophore tentacles are commonly arranged into an ablabial and adlabial row, with ablabial tentacles sometimes added later in development.

Amathia: (Temereva & Kosevich, 2016).
Loxosomella, Flustra: Inapplicable.
Lingula, Pelagodiscus atlanticus, Terebratulina, Phoronis: Following coding for higher taxon in Carlson (1995), appendix 1, character 37.
Novocrania: Following coding for higher taxon in Carlson (1995), appendix 1, character 37. Also states in Williams et al. 2000, p. 158.

[64] Rows per side in post-trocholophe stage

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 3 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[0]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[0]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[1]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[0]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[0]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[0]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[0]Kulindroplax perissokomos[0]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[0]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 64: Perioral apparatus: Tentacles: Rows per side in post-trocholophe stage

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

After Carlson (1995), character 37. Lophophore tentacles are commonly arranged into an ablabial and adlabial row, with ablabial tentacles sometimes added later in development (and thus interpreted as a neomorphic addition).

Amathia: (Temereva & Kosevich, 2016).
Cotyledion tylodes: Additional row not evident (Zhang et al., 2013).
Heliomedusa orienta: “The lophophoral arms bear laterofrontal tentacles with a double row of cilia along their lateral edge, as in extant lingulid brachiopods” – Zhang et al. 2009.
Novocrania, Lingula, Pelagodiscus atlanticus, Terebratulina, Phoronis: Following coding for higher taxon in Carlson (1995), appendix 1, character 37.
Lingulellotreta malongensis: Single palisade (Zhang et al. 2004N).
Loxosomella: Nielsen (1966).
Yuganotheca elegans: “helical lophophore fringed with a single row of thick, widely spaced, parallel-sided and hollow tentacles” – Zhang et al. 2014.

[65] Median tentacle in early development

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[0]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[0]Kulindroplax perissokomos[0]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[0]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 65: Perioral apparatus: Tentacles: Median tentacle in early development

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Following character 28 in Carlson (1995). Certain taxa exhibit a median tentacle early in development that is lost during ontogeny.

Namacalathus, Dailyatia, Micromitra, Eccentrotheca, Gasconsia, Heliomedusa orienta, Lingulellotreta malongensis, Micrina, Orthis, Paterimitra, Yuganotheca elegans, Haplophrentis carinatus, Pedunculotheca diania: Lophophore ontogeny presently unknown.
Loxosomella: Nielsen (1966).

[66] Site of addition

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[2]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[2]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[2]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[2]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[1]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[1]Flustra[1]Amathia[?]Serpula[-]Capitella[-]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[-]Wiwaxia corrugata[-]Odontogriphus omalus[-]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[-]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[-]Mytilus[-]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[-]Kulindroplax perissokomos[-]Acaenoplax hayae[-]Wirenia[-]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[-]Tonicella[-]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[-]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[-]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[?]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 66: Perioral apparatus: Tentacles: Site of addition

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

Following Temereva (2017).

Novocrania, Lingula, Pelagodiscus atlanticus, Terebratulina, Flustra, Amathia: Following Temereva (2017).
Phoronis: Following Temereva (2017) – though in larvae, tentacles are added at the tips of the developing lophophore.
Sipunculus: New branches added at each lateral extreme, behind mouth (Adrianov et al., 2006).

[67] Inner nerve ring

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[?]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[1]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[0]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[0]Kulindroplax perissokomos[0]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[0]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 67: Perioral apparatus: Tentacles: Inner nerve ring

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Juvenile lophophorates exhibit two nerve rings in the tentacles; one of these rings is often reduced or lost at adulthood (Temereva, 2017).

Flustra, Amathia: Following Temereva (2017).
Lingula: Temereva & Kuzmina (2017).
Loxosomella: Nerves present in tentacles, but not forming rings (Fuchs et al., 2006).
Novocrania: Probably only a single ring is present, but only available illustrations are 19th century sketches (Lüter, 2016).
Phoronis: (Temereva, 2017).
Terebratulina: In Gryphus (Temereva & Kuzmina, 2017).

[68] Outer nerve ring

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[?]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[1]Flustra[1]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[0]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[0]Kulindroplax perissokomos[0]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[0]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 68: Perioral apparatus: Tentacles: Outer nerve ring

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Juvenile lophophorates exhibit two nerve rings in the tentacles; one of these rings is often reduced or lost at adulthood (Temereva, 2017).

Amathia: Following Temereva (2017); only one tentacle nerve ring evident in Temereva & Kosevich (2016).
Flustra: “Most species of bryozoans have only the inner” nerve ring – Temereva (2017).
Lingula, Terebratulina: Temereva (2017).
Loxosomella: Nerves present in tentacles, but not forming rings (Fuchs et al., 2006).
Novocrania: Probably only a single ring is present, but only available illustrations are 19th century sketches (Lüter, 2016).
Phoronis: Temereva & Kuzmina (2017).

4.9 Radula [69]

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 3 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[0]Cotyledion tylodes[0]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[0]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[0]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[0]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[0]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[1]Wiwaxia corrugata[1]Odontogriphus omalus[1]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[1]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[1]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[0]Kulindroplax perissokomos[0]Acaenoplax hayae[1]Wirenia[1]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[1]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[1]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 69: Radula

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Character 25 in Vinther et al. (2017). Any apparatus comprising multiple denticulate rows arranged serially in the sagittal plane is treated as potentially homologous with the molluscan radula.

Acaenoplax hayae: Seemingly absent (Sutton et al., 2004).
Heliomedusa orienta, Lingulellotreta malongensis, Yuganotheca elegans, Haplophrentis carinatus: No candidate observed despite exceptional preservation.
Kulindroplax perissokomos: No radula is preserved (Sutton et al., 2012).
Odontogriphus omalus, Wiwaxia corrugata: 1.
Orthrozanclus: The radula has a high preservation potential in Wiwaxia, and is not evident only when it occurs at a different plane to the one that the fossil splits upon. As such, it is difficult to attribute the absence of a radula in Orthrozanclus to non-preservation.

[70] Extent

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[-]Cotyledion tylodes[-]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[-]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[-]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[-]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[-]Yuganotheca elegans[-]Lingula[-]Lingulellotreta malongensis[-]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[-]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[-]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[-]Flustra[-]Amathia[-]Serpula[-]Capitella[-]Canadia spinosa[-]Sipunculus[2]Wiwaxia corrugata[2]Odontogriphus omalus[3]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[3]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[-]Mytilus[3]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[-]Kulindroplax perissokomos[-]Acaenoplax hayae[3]Wirenia[1]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[3]Tonicella[3]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[3]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[3]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 70: Radula: Extent

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

Character 26 in Vinther et al. (2017). The radulae of Wiwaxia and Odontogriphus are conspicuously similar in their configuration.

Wirenia: Many rows in e.g. Plawenia (Scheltema, 2014).

[71] Subradular membrane

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 3 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[0]Cotyledion tylodes[0]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[0]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[0]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[0]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[0]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[1]Wiwaxia corrugata[1]Odontogriphus omalus[1]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[1]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[1]Mytilus[1]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[0]Kulindroplax perissokomos[0]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[1]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[1]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 71: Radula: Subradular membrane

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Character 38 in Haszprunar (2000). A radular membrane is “a distinct layer below the radular teeth”, present in all molluscs except solenogastres.

Acaenoplax hayae, Kulindroplax perissokomos: Radula absent.
Chaetoderma: Present in caudofoveates (Haszprunar, 2000).
Odontogriphus omalus, Wiwaxia corrugata: “That the teeth are held in place by a radular membrane is indicated by their stable relative positions” (Scheltema, 2014).
Wirenia: Absent in Solenograstres (Haszprunar, 2000).

[72] Alary processes

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 4 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[0]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[0]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[0]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[0]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[0]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[1]Odontogriphus omalus[1]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[1]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[0]Kulindroplax perissokomos[0]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[1]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[1]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 72: Radula: Alary processes

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

A robust structure (alary process/hyaline shield) attached to the radula, with thickened margins, increasingly labile towards the rear, and constructed from the same material (chitin) as the radular teeth (M. R. Smith, 2012b).
Also referred to as a ‘hyaline shield’.

Acaenoplax hayae, Kulindroplax perissokomos: Radula absent.
Odontogriphus omalus: Present (M. R. Smith, 2012b).
Wiwaxia corrugata: Inferred to be present (M. R. Smith, 2012b), but not observed, so coded as ambiguous.

[73] Bolster vesicles

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[0]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[0]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[0]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[0]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[0]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[1]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[0]Kulindroplax perissokomos[0]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[1]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 73: Radula: Bolster vesicles

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Hollow fluid-filled radula-supporting structures found in Polyplacophora and Monoplacophora (Katsuno & Sasaki, 2008).

Acaenoplax hayae, Kulindroplax perissokomos: Radula absent.

[74] Subradular organ

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 3 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[0]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[0]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[0]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[0]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[0]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[1]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[1]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[1]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[0]Kulindroplax perissokomos[0]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[1]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 74: Radula: Subradular organ

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Character 3g in Waller (1998); Character 58 in Haszprunar (2000).

Acaenoplax hayae, Kulindroplax perissokomos: Radula absent.

[75] Heterodonty

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[-]Cotyledion tylodes[-]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[-]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[-]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[-]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[-]Yuganotheca elegans[-]Lingula[-]Lingulellotreta malongensis[-]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[-]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[-]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[-]Flustra[-]Amathia[-]Serpula[-]Capitella[-]Canadia spinosa[-]Sipunculus[1]Wiwaxia corrugata[1]Odontogriphus omalus[1]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[1]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[-]Mytilus[1]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[-]Kulindroplax perissokomos[-]Acaenoplax hayae[1]Wirenia[-]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[2]Tonicella[2]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[2]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[2]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 75: Radula: Teeth: Heterodonty

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

Character 29 in Vinther et al. (2017). Heterodonty is sometimes used to denote that different teeth have a different number of cusps, but a is used here in a broader sense to incorporate any differences in tooth morphology. Inapplicable if multiple lateral teeth are not present.

Calvapilosa kroegeri: Lateral and uncinical teeth, as in chitons (Vinther et al., 2017).
Haliotis: All teeth bear multiple cusps.

[76] Bending plane

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[-]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[-]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[-]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[-]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[-]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[-]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[?]Flustra[-]Amathia[-]Serpula[-]Capitella[-]Canadia spinosa[-]Sipunculus[2]Wiwaxia corrugata[2]Odontogriphus omalus[1]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[2]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[-]Mytilus[2]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[-]Kulindroplax perissokomos[-]Acaenoplax hayae[-]Wirenia[-]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[2]Tonicella[2]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[2]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 76: Radula: Teeth: Bending plane

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

Character 60 in Ponder & Lindberg (1997); 2.20 in von Salvini-Plawen & Steiner (1996).

[77] More teeth per row in larger individuals

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[-]Cotyledion tylodes[-]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[-]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[-]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[-]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[-]Yuganotheca elegans[-]Lingula[-]Lingulellotreta malongensis[-]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[-]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[-]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[-]Flustra[-]Amathia[-]Serpula[-]Capitella[-]Canadia spinosa[-]Sipunculus[1]Wiwaxia corrugata[1]Odontogriphus omalus[2]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[2]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[-]Mytilus[2]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[-]Kulindroplax perissokomos[-]Acaenoplax hayae[-]Wirenia[-]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[1]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 77: Radula: Teeth: More teeth per row in larger individuals

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

Calvapilosa kroegeri: “exact number [of teeth in a row] is difficult to discern” (Vinther et al., 2017).

[78] Lateral tooth base

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 3 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[0]Cotyledion tylodes[0]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[0]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[0]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[0]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[0]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[0]Odontogriphus omalus[1]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[1]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[1]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[0]Kulindroplax perissokomos[0]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[1]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 78: Radula: Teeth: Lateral tooth base

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Presence of a distinct base in lateral teeth; see character 9 in Reynolds & Okusu (1999) and 15 in Steiner (1998).

Acaenoplax hayae, Kulindroplax perissokomos: Radula absent.

[79] Lateral tooth head

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[0]Cotyledion tylodes[0]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[0]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[0]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[0]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[0]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[0]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[0]Kulindroplax perissokomos[0]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[1]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 79: Radula: Teeth: Lateral tooth head

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

In polyplacophorans, the head of the lateral tooth is elaborate or clearly differentiated from the shaft (Steiner (1999), character 8).

Acaenoplax hayae, Kulindroplax perissokomos: Radula absent.

[80] Apatite

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[0]Cotyledion tylodes[0]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[0]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[0]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[0]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[0]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[0]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[0]Kulindroplax perissokomos[0]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[1]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 80: Radula: Teeth: Apatite

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Polyplacophoran teeth are reinforced with apatite (Haszprunar, 2000, character 69).

Acaenoplax hayae, Kulindroplax perissokomos: Radula absent.

[81] Magnetite

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[0]Cotyledion tylodes[0]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[0]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[0]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[0]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[0]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[0]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[0]Kulindroplax perissokomos[0]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[1]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 81: Radula: Teeth: Magnetite

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

The tips of polyplacophoran teeth contain magnetite (Waller, 1998, character 4e).

Acaenoplax hayae, Kulindroplax perissokomos: Radula absent.

4.10 Digestive tract

[82] Prominent pharynx

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 4 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[0]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[1]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[1]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[1]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[1]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[1]Capitella[1]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[0]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[0]Kulindroplax perissokomos[0]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[0]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 82: Digestive tract: Prominent pharynx

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

The buccal organ describes the structures that arise from the larval mouth region. This may include the foregut, which if eversible is termed a proboscis, and whose muscular regions are termed the pharynx (Tzetlin & Purschke, 2005).

Hyoliths exhibit a prominent protrusible muscular pharynx at the base of the lophophore (Moysiuk, Smith, & Caron, 2017). This is considered as potentially equivalent to the anterior projection of the visceral cavity in Heliomedusa, and, by extension, in Lingulosacculus and Lingulotreta.

Calvapilosa kroegeri: Not evident (Vinther et al., 2017), and interpreted as absent based on position of radula.
Canadia spinosa: The interpretation of a possible pharynx has been contested (Eibye-Jacobsen, 2004; Parry et al., 2015), but is demonstrated by Parry & Caron (2019).
Capitella: ‘Prominence’ is perhaps arguable in Capitella.
Heliomedusa orienta: Corresponding to the “neck” of the vase-shaped visceral cavity reported by Zhang et al. 2009.
Lingulellotreta malongensis: An anterior projection of the visceral area is noted by Williams et al. (2000) and considered equivalent to that observed in Lingulosacculus (Balthasar & Butterfield 2009E).
Novocrania: Prominent pharynx (Robinson, 2014).
Sipunculus: Sipunculans express a buccal organ as larvae, which is lost after metamorphosis (Cutler, 1994, fig. 83; Rice, 1976). The eversible proboscis is not homologous to the foregut.
Yuganotheca elegans: Possibly present, following interpretation of mouth (see fig. 2c, d in Zhang et al. 2014).

[83] Eversible

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[-]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[-]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[?]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[?]Flustra[?]Amathia[-]Serpula[2]Capitella[2]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[-]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[-]Mytilus[?]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[-]Tonicella[-]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[-]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[?]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 83: Digestive tract: Buccal organ: Eversible

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

Character 133 in Parry & Caron (2019).

Canadia spinosa: Parry & Caron (2019).
Sipunculus: The sipunculan buccal organ is lost after metamorphosis (Cutler, 1994; Rice, 1976); the sipunculan ‘proboscis’ is probably homologous to the prostomium (Zhang & Smith, 2020).

[84] Papillae

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[?]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[?]Flustra[?]Amathia[0]Serpula[1]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[?]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[?]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 84: Digestive tract: Buccal organ: Papillae

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Character 134 in Parry & Caron (2019).

Canadia spinosa: Parry & Caron (2019).
Sipunculus, Capitella: Following Parry & Caron (2019).

[85] Oesophageal folds

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 3 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[1]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[1]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[1]Mytilus[1]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[1]Wirenia[1]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[1]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 85: Digestive tract: Oesophageal folds

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Following character 86 in Giribet & Wheeler (2002).

Phoronis: Ciliated ridge in oesophagus (Torrey, 1901).

[86] Oral sphincter

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[1]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[1]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[1]Mytilus[1]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[1]Wirenia[1]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[?]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[1]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 86: Digestive tract: Oral sphincter

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Character 133 in Grobe (2007).

Dentalium: Present, but secondarily reduced.

[87] Reduced

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[1]Mytilus[1]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 87: Digestive tract: Oral sphincter: Reduced

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Character 133 in Grobe (2007).

[88] Locomotory cilia

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[1]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[1]Flustra[1]Amathia[1]Serpula[1]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[1]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 88: Digestive tract: Foregut: Locomotory cilia

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Character 66 in Haszprunar (2000).

[89] Subdivisions

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[0]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[0]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[1]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[1]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[1]Mytilus[1]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[1]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[1]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 89: Digestive tract: Midgut: Subdivisions

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

The molluscan midgut is functionally subdivided into a sorting area (stomach), digestion area (midgut sac or gland), and transport tube (intestine). Characters 42 in Haszprunar (2000), 1.38 in von Salvini-Plawen & Steiner (1996).

Canadia spinosa: The gut is a straight tube with no obvious subdivision (Parry & Caron, 2019).
Odontogriphus omalus, Wiwaxia corrugata: Subdivided, presumably functionally, but with some ambiguity [1;Smith2014].

[90] Glands

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[1]Wiwaxia corrugata[1]Odontogriphus omalus[1]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[1]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[1]Mytilus[1]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[1]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[1]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 90: Digestive tract: Midgut: Glands

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Characters 1.40, 2.30 and 4.59 in von Salvini-Plawen & Steiner (1996); 42 in Haszprunar (2000).

Odontogriphus omalus, Wiwaxia corrugata: Annex to midgut interpreted as a gland (M. R. Smith, 2012b).

4.11 Digestive tract: Anus

[91] Presence

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[0]Cotyledion tylodes[0]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[0]Pedunculotheca diania[0]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[0]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[0]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[0]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[0]Kulindroplax perissokomos[0]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[0]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 91: Digestive tract: Anus: Presence

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

The digestive tract may either constitute a blind sac, or a through gut with anus. The loss of an anus is known to be derived within spiralia, so this character is treated as neomorphic.

Kulindroplax perissokomos: Interpreted as possessing a through gut.

[92] Location

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 8 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[3]Cotyledion tylodes[1]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[3]Pedunculotheca diania[3]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[3]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[3]Yuganotheca elegans[3]Lingula[3]Lingulellotreta malongensis[3]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[3]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[3]Flustra[3]Amathia[1]Serpula[1]Capitella[1]Canadia spinosa[3]Sipunculus[1]Wiwaxia corrugata[1]Odontogriphus omalus[2]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[2]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[1]Mytilus[1]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[12]Kulindroplax perissokomos[1]Acaenoplax hayae[2]Wirenia[12]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[2]Tonicella[2]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[2]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[12]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[2]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 92: Digestive tract: Anus: Location

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

“The relative position of the mouth and anus in the larvae of brachiopods and phoronids is similar: posterior anus and anterior mouth” – Williams et al. (2007), p. 2884. See also character 6 in Haszprunar & Wanninger (2008).

Chaetoderma: Coded as ambiguous (straight / rear of pedal sole) as the pedal sole is secondarily lost in the group.
Dentalium: The U-shaped gut of scaphopods arises by exaggeration of the dorsal surface, rather than migration of the anus (Steiner, 1992).
Terebratulina: “In rhynchonelliforms, the gut curves somewhat into a C-shape and the (blind) anus becomes posteroventral in position.” – Williams et al. 2007,
p. 2884.

[93] Migration: Within ring of tentacles

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 3 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[2]Cotyledion tylodes[-]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[1]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[-]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[1]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[1]Lingulellotreta malongensis[2]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[-]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[1]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[1]Flustra[1]Amathia[-]Serpula[-]Capitella[-]Canadia spinosa[-]Sipunculus[-]Wiwaxia corrugata[-]Odontogriphus omalus[-]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[-]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[-]Mytilus[-]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[-]Kulindroplax perissokomos[-]Acaenoplax hayae[-]Wirenia[-]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[-]Tonicella[-]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[-]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[-]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[2]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 93: Digestive tract: Anus: Migration: Within ring of tentacles

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

A migrated anus may be located laterally or within the lophophore ring (as in entoprocts).

[94] Migration: Position

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 5 to tree score (4 with Fitch)1 additional region (not counted by Fitch)An optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[-]Cotyledion tylodes[-]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[2]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[4]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[2]Lingula[2]Lingulellotreta malongensis[3]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[3]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[3]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[4]Flustra[4]Amathia[-]Serpula[-]Capitella[-]Canadia spinosa[3]Sipunculus[-]Wiwaxia corrugata[-]Odontogriphus omalus[-]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[-]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[-]Mytilus[-]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[-]Kulindroplax perissokomos[-]Acaenoplax hayae[-]Wirenia[-]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[-]Tonicella[-]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[-]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[-]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 94: Digestive tract: Anus: Migration: Position

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

If the anus is not within the ring of tentacles, in which direction is it oriented?

Flustra, Amathia: Anus remains on ventral surface. Arguably, rather than the anus migrating, the dorsal surface of the animal has become extended.
Dentalium: An alternative interpretation would be that the posterior of the scaphopod has been extended to generate the relatively anterior position of the originally ventral anus.
Haplophrentis carinatus: Opening to the right – see figures 1, 3, and extended data 5 in Moysiuk et al. (2017). The text states in error that the anus is to the left of the midline.
Lingula: “In the lingulids, the [intestine] follows an oblique course anteriorly to open at the anus on the right body wall.” – Williams et al. 1997, p. 89.
Lingulellotreta malongensis: “finally terminating in an anal opening on the right anterior body wall” (Zhang et al. 2007N, p.66).
Terebratulina: “In rhynchonelliforms, the gut curves somewhat into a C-shape and the (blind) anus becomes posteroventral in position.” – Williams et al. 2007,
p. 2884.
Yuganotheca elegans: The identification of the “very poorly impressed possible anus at the lateral side of the anterior body wall” is not yet confident, so this character is coded as not presently available.

4.12 Sclerites

[95] Present in adult (excluding setae)

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 3 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[1]Eccentrotheca[1]Cotyledion tylodes[1]Orthrozanclus[1]Halkieria evangelista[1]Pedunculotheca diania[1]Haplophrentis carinatus[1]Mickwitzia muralensis[1]Heliomedusa orienta[1]Micromitra[1]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[1]Orthis[1]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[1]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[1]Micrina[1]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[0]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[0]Odontogriphus omalus[1]Neopilina[1]Conocardium elongatum[1]Haliotis[1]Pojetaia runnegari[1]Mytilus[1]Dentalium[1]Pelagiella[1]Kulindroplax perissokomos[1]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[1]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[1]Polysacos vickersianum[1]Leptochiton[1]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[1]Calvapilosa kroegeri[1]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[1]Dailyatia[1]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 95: Sclerites: Present in adult (excluding setae)

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Plate-like (wider than tall) skeletal elements, whether mineralized or non-mineralized. Corresponds to character 8 in Vinther et al. (2017).
The definition deliberately excludes setae (which are taller than wide).

Tonicella, Dentalium: Molluscan valves are treated as potential homologues of brachiopod valves.
Halkieria evangelista: Halkieriid sclerites are interpreted as potentially homologous with those of Dailyatia and hence the brachiopods (Zhao et al., 2017).
Namacalathus: The mineralized endoskeleton of Namacalathus is not interpreted as a sclerite.
Serpula: Annelid setae are not considered to represent potential homologues with the brachiopod shell.
Sipunculus: Hooks are present, though the absence of chitin or microvillar impressions indicates that they are not homologous with those of other lophotrochozoans.
Wiwaxia corrugata: The scales of Wiwaxia are treated as homologous with the chaetae of annelids and brachiopods (Butterfield, 1990; Smith, 2014; Zhang et al., 2015), rather than brachiopod shell.
Yilingia spiciformis: The plate-like structures on the dorsal surface of Yilingia (Chen et al., 2019) are plausibly interpreted as non-mineralized sclerites.

[96] Periodically shed and replaced

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[1]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[2]Orthrozanclus[2]Halkieria evangelista[1]Pedunculotheca diania[1]Haplophrentis carinatus[1]Mickwitzia muralensis[1]Heliomedusa orienta[1]Micromitra[1]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[1]Orthis[1]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[1]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[1]Micrina[1]Paterimitra[-]Phoronis[1]Namacalathus[1]Flustra[1]Amathia[-]Serpula[-]Capitella[-]Canadia spinosa[-]Sipunculus[-]Wiwaxia corrugata[-]Odontogriphus omalus[1]Neopilina[1]Conocardium elongatum[1]Haliotis[1]Pojetaia runnegari[1]Mytilus[1]Dentalium[1]Pelagiella[1]Kulindroplax perissokomos[1]Acaenoplax hayae[-]Wirenia[-]Chaetoderma[1]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[1]Polysacos vickersianum[1]Leptochiton[1]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[1]Calvapilosa kroegeri[1]Siphogonuchites multa[1]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[1]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 96: Sclerites: Periodically shed and replaced

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

Certain taxa periodically slough and replace some of their individual sclerites during growth. Others continue to add to sclerites by marginal accretion throughout life.

Acaenoplax hayae: Valves grown by marginal accretion (Sutton et al., 2004).
Eccentrotheca, Micrina: Periodic marginal accretion implies that replacement does not occur.
Halkieria evangelista: Whereas the primary valves grow by lateral accretion, the subsidiary sclerites are periodically shed and replaced (see main text).
Orthrozanclus: Inferred by comparison with Halkieria.
Paterimitra: Larval shell present at tip of sclerites (Holmer et al., 2011), indicating retention.
Siphogonuchites multa: Retained as set in shell matrix (Bengtson, 1992).
Yilingia spiciformis: The broad size and interlocking nature of sclerites suggests that they are not periodically shed and replaced, consistent with the absence of any specimens lacking sclerites.

[97] Prominent major valves

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 3 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[0]Eccentrotheca[0]Cotyledion tylodes[1]Orthrozanclus[1]Halkieria evangelista[1]Pedunculotheca diania[1]Haplophrentis carinatus[1]Mickwitzia muralensis[1]Heliomedusa orienta[1]Micromitra[1]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[1]Orthis[1]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[1]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[1]Micrina[1]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[0]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[0]Odontogriphus omalus[1]Neopilina[1]Conocardium elongatum[1]Haliotis[1]Pojetaia runnegari[1]Mytilus[1]Dentalium[1]Pelagiella[1]Kulindroplax perissokomos[1]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[1]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[1]Polysacos vickersianum[1]Leptochiton[1]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[1]Calvapilosa kroegeri[1]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[0]Dailyatia[0]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 97: Sclerites: Prominent major valves

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Equivalent to “Sclerites: Bivalved” in (???), rephrased to reflect the variation in the number of conceivably homologous ‘major’ shell plates in Aculifera.

A differentiated ventral or posterior valve may be present in addition to a prominent anterior/dorsal valve, corresponding to the ‘head valve’ of chitons or the dorsal valve of brachiopods.

Tonicella: As larvae, polyplacophorans exhibit an anterior and a posterior shell field (Wanninger & Haszprunar, 2002a); subsequent subdivision of the posterior field gives rise to the posterior seven valves. Tonicella is thus tentatively coded as ‘bivalved’ to reflect the potential (if perhaps unlikely) homology with the paired elements of brachiopods.

[98] Reduced

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 4 to tree score1 additional regionAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[1]Eccentrotheca[1]Cotyledion tylodes[1]Orthrozanclus[1]Halkieria evangelista[2]Pedunculotheca diania[2]Haplophrentis carinatus[2]Mickwitzia muralensis[2]Heliomedusa orienta[2]Micromitra[2]Gasconsia[2]Terebratulina[2]Orthis[2]Yuganotheca elegans[2]Lingula[2]Lingulellotreta malongensis[2]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[2]Novocrania[2]Micrina[1]Paterimitra[-]Phoronis[-]Namacalathus[-]Flustra[-]Amathia[-]Serpula[-]Capitella[-]Canadia spinosa[-]Sipunculus[-]Wiwaxia corrugata[-]Odontogriphus omalus[2]Neopilina[2]Conocardium elongatum[2]Haliotis[2]Pojetaia runnegari[2]Mytilus[2]Dentalium[2]Pelagiella[2]Kulindroplax perissokomos[2]Acaenoplax hayae[-]Wirenia[-]Chaetoderma[2]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[2]Tonicella[2]Mopalia[1]Polysacos vickersianum[2]Leptochiton[2]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[2]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[1]Dailyatia[1]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 98: Sclerites: Accessory sclerites: Reduced

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

Taxa in the bivalved condition may retain sclerites as small additional elements, such as the L-elements of Paterimitra (Skovsted et al. 2015). Hyolithid helens are coded as potentially homologous to these elements (following ???).

This character is treated as neomorphic, with accessory sclerites ancestrally present, recognizing the likely origin of brachiozoans (and Lophotrochozoans more generally) from a scleritomous organism.

Acaenoplax hayae, Kulindroplax perissokomos: The spines are interpreted as homologous with the girdle elements of polyplacophorans, i.e. as setae.
Dentalium: The scaphopod valve arises posterior of the prototroch and is thus homologous with the posterior valves of Chiton, assuming that molluscan shell fields are homologous features.
Haplophrentis carinatus: (???) treated helens as possible accessory sclerites. (???) has since argued that helens are derived from internal processes of the hyolith operculum, and they are treated as such herein.
Paterimitra: L-sclerites (Skovsted et al. 2009T).
Polysacos vickersianum: The annulus of spines is considered to represent accessory sclerites homologous to the main valves; see discussion under ‘adult setae’.
Siphogonuchites multa: It is possible that two shell morphs exist and belonged to the same individuals; or that other aggregations of spicules represent additional shell fields (Bengtson, 1992; Conway Morris & Chapman, 1996).
Tonicella: The intermediate shell plates arise by subdivision of the posterior shell field (Wanninger & Haszprunar, 2002a), and are thus treated as equivalent to the posterior valve rather than as distinct elements.
The girdle elements are homologous with annelid chaetae / brachiopod setae (Leise & Cloney, 1982), rather than sclerites.

[99] Arrangement

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 3 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[0]Eccentrotheca[0]Cotyledion tylodes[1]Orthrozanclus[1]Halkieria evangelista[0]Pedunculotheca diania[0]Haplophrentis carinatus[0]Mickwitzia muralensis[0]Heliomedusa orienta[0]Micromitra[0]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[0]Orthis[0]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[0]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[0]Micrina[0]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[0]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[0]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[0]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[0]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[0]Pelagiella[0]Kulindroplax perissokomos[0]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[0]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[1]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[0]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[0]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[1]Dailyatia[1]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 99: Sclerites: Accessory sclerites: Arrangement

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Following Zhao et al. (2017), and reflecting character 5 in Vinther et al. (2017).

Dailyatia: Following the reconstruction of (???).
Yilingia spiciformis: Distinct dorsal and dorsolateral fields, albeit in phase (Chen et al., 2019).

[100] Symmetry

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 4 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[0]Eccentrotheca[0]Cotyledion tylodes[1]Orthrozanclus[1]Halkieria evangelista[0]Pedunculotheca diania[0]Haplophrentis carinatus[0]Mickwitzia muralensis[0]Heliomedusa orienta[0]Micromitra[0]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[0]Orthis[0]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[0]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[0]Micrina[1]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[0]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[0]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[0]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[0]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[0]Pelagiella[0]Kulindroplax perissokomos[0]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[0]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[1]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[0]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[0]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[1]Dailyatia[1]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 100: Sclerites: Accessory sclerites: Symmetry

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Following Zhao et al. (2017).

Eccentrotheca: (???).
Yilingia spiciformis: Chen et al. (2019).

[101] Side slope shape

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score (0 with Fitch)1 additional region (not counted by Fitch)An optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[2]Orthrozanclus[2]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[2]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[2]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[2]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[2]Novocrania[?]Micrina[2]Paterimitra[-]Phoronis[-]Namacalathus[-]Flustra[-]Amathia[-]Serpula[-]Capitella[-]Canadia spinosa[-]Sipunculus[-]Wiwaxia corrugata[-]Odontogriphus omalus[2]Neopilina[2]Conocardium elongatum[2]Haliotis[2]Pojetaia runnegari[2]Mytilus[?]Dentalium[2]Pelagiella[2]Kulindroplax perissokomos[2]Acaenoplax hayae[-]Wirenia[-]Chaetoderma[2]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[2]Tonicella[2]Mopalia[2]Polysacos vickersianum[2]Leptochiton[2]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[2]Calvapilosa kroegeri[2]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[2]Dailyatia[2]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 101: Sclerites: Prominent major valves: Side slope shape

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

Following character 12 in Cherns (2004).

Acaenoplax hayae: Convex (Sutton et al., 2004).
Calvapilosa kroegeri: Seemingly convex (Vinther et al., 2017).
Haliotis: Auzoux-Bordenave et al. (2010).
Halkieria evangelista: Convex (Conway Morris, 1995).
Kulindroplax perissokomos: “Weakly convex” (Sutton et al., 2012).
Novocrania: Convex (Williams et al., 2000).
Orthrozanclus: Convex (Conway Morris & Caron, 2007).
Pelagodiscus atlanticus: Williams et al. (2000).
Phthipodochiton thraivensis: “Side slopes slightly convex, rounded” (Sutton & Sigwart, 2012).
Terebratulina: Williams et al. (1997b).
Tonicella: Gently convex (Connors et al., 2012).
Yilingia spiciformis: Seemingly convex in thin section (Chen et al., 2019).

[102] Additional major valves

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 5 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[0]Orthrozanclus[1]Halkieria evangelista[1]Pedunculotheca diania[1]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[?]Micrina[1]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[0]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[0]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[0]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[0]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[0]Pelagiella[1]Kulindroplax perissokomos[1]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[1]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[1]Polysacos vickersianum[1]Leptochiton[1]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[0]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[0]Dailyatia[0]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 102: Sclerites: Prominent major valves: Additional major valves

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

To reflect the single valve present in Orthrozanclus and the conceivable homology between the tail valve of Halkieria and the ventral valve of brachiopods.

Acaenoplax hayae: Eight valves, including V7v and V7d as separate valves.
Dailyatia: Absent – coded as lacking a prominent dorsal valve.
Leptochiton: Kaas (1981).
Paterimitra: The S2 sclerite (Skovsted et al., 2009) is treated as a prominent valve by virtue of its close affiliation with the S1 sclerite.
Pojetaia runnegari: The two valves are considered to be a single valve, separated along the midline and joined by the ligament, following the conventional interpretation of rostroconchs.
Yilingia spiciformis: No major valves (Chen et al., 2019).

[103] Additional valves: Nature

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score (1 with Fitch)1 additional region (not counted by Fitch)An optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[-]Orthrozanclus[2]Halkieria evangelista[1]Pedunculotheca diania[1]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[?]Micrina[1]Paterimitra[-]Phoronis[-]Namacalathus[-]Flustra[-]Amathia[-]Serpula[-]Capitella[-]Canadia spinosa[-]Sipunculus[-]Wiwaxia corrugata[-]Odontogriphus omalus[-]Neopilina[-]Conocardium elongatum[-]Haliotis[-]Pojetaia runnegari[-]Mytilus[-]Dentalium[-]Pelagiella[2]Kulindroplax perissokomos[2]Acaenoplax hayae[-]Wirenia[-]Chaetoderma[2]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[2]Tonicella[2]Mopalia[2]Polysacos vickersianum[2]Leptochiton[2]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[-]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[-]Dailyatia[-]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 103: Sclerites: Prominent major valves: Additional valves: Nature

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

The ventral valve of brachiopods is unlikely to be equivalent to the tail valve of Halkieria or chitons.

Paterimitra: The S2 valve is treated as ventral valve as it is associated with a likely pedicle opening.

[104] Serially repeated

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score1 additional regionAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[-]Orthrozanclus[1]Halkieria evangelista[-]Pedunculotheca diania[-]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[-]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[-]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[-]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[-]Novocrania[?]Micrina[-]Paterimitra[-]Phoronis[-]Namacalathus[-]Flustra[-]Amathia[-]Serpula[-]Capitella[-]Canadia spinosa[-]Sipunculus[-]Wiwaxia corrugata[-]Odontogriphus omalus[-]Neopilina[-]Conocardium elongatum[-]Haliotis[-]Pojetaia runnegari[-]Mytilus[-]Dentalium[-]Pelagiella[2]Kulindroplax perissokomos[2]Acaenoplax hayae[-]Wirenia[-]Chaetoderma[2]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[2]Tonicella[2]Mopalia[2]Polysacos vickersianum[2]Leptochiton[2]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[-]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[-]Dailyatia[-]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 104: Sclerites: Posterior valves: Serially repeated

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

[105] Number

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[-]Orthrozanclus[-]Halkieria evangelista[-]Pedunculotheca diania[-]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[-]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[-]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[-]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[-]Novocrania[?]Micrina[-]Paterimitra[-]Phoronis[-]Namacalathus[-]Flustra[-]Amathia[-]Serpula[-]Capitella[-]Canadia spinosa[-]Sipunculus[-]Wiwaxia corrugata[-]Odontogriphus omalus[-]Neopilina[-]Conocardium elongatum[-]Haliotis[-]Pojetaia runnegari[-]Mytilus[-]Dentalium[-]Pelagiella[1]Kulindroplax perissokomos[2]Acaenoplax hayae[-]Wirenia[-]Chaetoderma[2]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[2]Tonicella[2]Mopalia[1]Polysacos vickersianum[2]Leptochiton[2]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[-]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[-]Dailyatia[-]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 105: Sclerites: Posterior valves: Number

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

Vinther et al. (2017) (character 19) report five intermediate shell fields in Kulindroplax, Acaenoplax, multiplacophorans, and the larvae of Chaetoderma.

Acaenoplax hayae: Seven, counting V7d as separate from V7v (Sutton et al., 2004).
Glaphurochiton carbonarius: Hoare & Mapes (1986).
Kulindroplax perissokomos: Seven valves including head and tail (Sutton et al., 2012).
Phthipodochiton thraivensis: Eight valves in total (Sutton & Sigwart, 2012).

[106] Apophyses

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[0]Orthrozanclus[0]Halkieria evangelista[0]Pedunculotheca diania[0]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[0]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[0]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[0]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[0]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[0]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[0]Pelagiella[0]Kulindroplax perissokomos[0]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[0]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[1]Polysacos vickersianum[1]Leptochiton[1]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[0]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[0]Dailyatia[0]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 106: Sclerites: Posterior valves: Apophyses

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Character 31 in Vinther et al. (2017). Sutural laminae or apophyses are teeth that articulate adjacent shell plates in many polyplacophorans.

Acaenoplax hayae: Sutton et al. (2004).
Glaphurochiton carbonarius: Following Vinther et al. (2017).
Mopalia, Tonicella, Leptochiton: Present in modern chitons (Vinther et al., 2017).
Polysacos vickersianum: Present in multiplacophorans (Vinther et al., 2017).

[107] Jugal ridges

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[0]Orthrozanclus[0]Halkieria evangelista[0]Pedunculotheca diania[0]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[0]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[0]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[0]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[0]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[0]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[0]Pelagiella[0]Kulindroplax perissokomos[0]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[0]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[1]Polysacos vickersianum[1]Leptochiton[0]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[0]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[0]Dailyatia[0]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 107: Sclerites: Posterior valves: Jugal ridges

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

A jugal ridge is a medial longitudinal ridge. Following character 13 in Cherns (2004).

Acaenoplax hayae: Sutton et al. (2004).
Glaphurochiton carbonarius: Hoare & Mapes (1986).
Kulindroplax perissokomos: Sharp jugal angle but no ridge.

[108] Insertion plates

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[0]Orthrozanclus[0]Halkieria evangelista[0]Pedunculotheca diania[0]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[0]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[0]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[0]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[0]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[0]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[0]Pelagiella[0]Kulindroplax perissokomos[0]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[0]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[1]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[0]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[0]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[0]Dailyatia[0]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 108: Sclerites: Posterior valves: Insertion plates

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Character 32 in Vinther et al. (2017)
“In the majority of recent chitons the articulamentum may form extensions beyond the margin of the tegmentum. These extensions, called insertion plates, occur on the lateral margins of intermediate valves, on the anterior margin of the head valve and posteriorly on the tail valve” (Schwabe, 2010).

Acaenoplax hayae: Sutton et al. (2004).
Glaphurochiton carbonarius: Following Vinther et al. (2017).
Polysacos vickersianum: Present in multiplacophorans (Vinther et al., 2017).
Tonicella: Present (Connors et al., 2012).

[109] Insertion plates: Slit

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[0]Orthrozanclus[0]Halkieria evangelista[0]Pedunculotheca diania[0]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[0]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[0]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[0]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[0]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[0]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[0]Pelagiella[0]Kulindroplax perissokomos[0]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[0]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[0]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[0]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[0]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[0]Dailyatia[0]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 109: Sclerites: Posterior valves: Insertion plates: Slit

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Character 33 in Vinther et al. (2017).
“The distal edge of the insertion plates may be slitted or solid in different taxa. The bridges between the slits (or incisions) are called teeth and may either be smooth at their outside, roughened, or even strongly pectinate.” (Schwabe, 2010).

Mopalia: (???).
Polysacos vickersianum: Following Vinther et al. (2017).
Tonicella: Slits with slit rays (Connors et al., 2012).

[110] Insertion plates: Slit: Nature

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 0 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[-]Orthrozanclus[-]Halkieria evangelista[-]Pedunculotheca diania[-]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[-]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[-]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[-]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[-]Novocrania[?]Micrina[-]Paterimitra[-]Phoronis[-]Namacalathus[-]Flustra[-]Amathia[-]Serpula[-]Capitella[-]Canadia spinosa[-]Sipunculus[-]Wiwaxia corrugata[-]Odontogriphus omalus[-]Neopilina[-]Conocardium elongatum[-]Haliotis[-]Pojetaia runnegari[-]Mytilus[-]Dentalium[-]Pelagiella[-]Kulindroplax perissokomos[-]Acaenoplax hayae[-]Wirenia[-]Chaetoderma[-]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[2]Tonicella[2]Mopalia[-]Polysacos vickersianum[-]Leptochiton[-]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[-]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[-]Dailyatia[-]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 110: Sclerites: Posterior valves: Insertion plates: Slit: Nature

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

Character 34 in Vinther et al. (2017).

Mopalia: (???).
Tonicella: Coded following Vinther et al. (2017).

[111] Insertion plates: Pectinate

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[-]Orthrozanclus[-]Halkieria evangelista[-]Pedunculotheca diania[-]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[-]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[-]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[-]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[-]Novocrania[?]Micrina[-]Paterimitra[-]Phoronis[-]Namacalathus[-]Flustra[-]Amathia[-]Serpula[-]Capitella[-]Canadia spinosa[-]Sipunculus[-]Wiwaxia corrugata[-]Odontogriphus omalus[-]Neopilina[-]Conocardium elongatum[-]Haliotis[-]Pojetaia runnegari[-]Mytilus[-]Dentalium[-]Pelagiella[-]Kulindroplax perissokomos[-]Acaenoplax hayae[-]Wirenia[-]Chaetoderma[-]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[2]Polysacos vickersianum[-]Leptochiton[-]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[-]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[-]Dailyatia[-]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 111: Sclerites: Posterior valves: Insertion plates: Pectinate

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

Character 35 in Vinther et al. (2017).

Mopalia: (???).
Polysacos vickersianum: Following Vinther et al. (2017).
Tonicella: Coded following Vinther et al. (2017).

[112] Differentiated intermediate shell fields

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 4 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[-]Orthrozanclus[-]Halkieria evangelista[-]Pedunculotheca diania[-]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[-]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[-]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[-]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[-]Novocrania[?]Micrina[-]Paterimitra[-]Phoronis[-]Namacalathus[-]Flustra[-]Amathia[-]Serpula[-]Capitella[-]Canadia spinosa[-]Sipunculus[-]Wiwaxia corrugata[-]Odontogriphus omalus[-]Neopilina[-]Conocardium elongatum[-]Haliotis[-]Pojetaia runnegari[-]Mytilus[-]Dentalium[-]Pelagiella[1]Kulindroplax perissokomos[2]Acaenoplax hayae[-]Wirenia[-]Chaetoderma[1]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[2]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[2]Polysacos vickersianum[1]Leptochiton[2]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[-]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[-]Dailyatia[-]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 112: Sclerites: Posterior valves: Differentiated intermediate shell fields

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

Following character 17 in Vinther et al. (2017), itself derived from character 7 in Sigwart & Sutton (2007). A satisfactory definition for this character is not available; it is here taken to mean “intermediate shell fields are differentiated from one another”, rather than “differentiated from the head/tail valves” or “spatially non-overlapping”.

Acaenoplax hayae: Sutton et al. (2004).
Glaphurochiton carbonarius: Following Vinther et al. (2017).
Leptochiton: Kaas (1981).
Mopalia: (???).
Phthipodochiton thraivensis: No differentiated plate II, as in many polyplacophorans (Sutton & Sigwart, 2012).
Tonicella: Small degree of morphological differentiation (Connors et al., 2012).

[113] Laterally divided shell fields

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score (1 with Fitch)1 additional region (not counted by Fitch)An optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[-]Orthrozanclus[1]Halkieria evangelista[-]Pedunculotheca diania[-]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[-]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[-]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[-]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[-]Novocrania[?]Micrina[-]Paterimitra[-]Phoronis[-]Namacalathus[-]Flustra[-]Amathia[-]Serpula[-]Capitella[-]Canadia spinosa[-]Sipunculus[-]Wiwaxia corrugata[-]Odontogriphus omalus[-]Neopilina[-]Conocardium elongatum[-]Haliotis[-]Pojetaia runnegari[-]Mytilus[-]Dentalium[-]Pelagiella[1]Kulindroplax perissokomos[1]Acaenoplax hayae[-]Wirenia[-]Chaetoderma[1]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[2]Polysacos vickersianum[1]Leptochiton[1]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[-]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[-]Dailyatia[-]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 113: Sclerites: Posterior valves: Laterally divided shell fields

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

Per character 18 in Vinther et al. (2017), the intermediate shell fields of multiplacophorans comprise multiple plates.

Acaenoplax hayae: Sutton et al. (2004).
Mopalia: (???).

[114] Hinge line shape

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 4 to tree score (3 with Fitch)1 additional region (not counted by Fitch)An optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[-]Eccentrotheca[-]Cotyledion tylodes[1]Orthrozanclus[1]Halkieria evangelista[1]Pedunculotheca diania[1]Haplophrentis carinatus[1]Mickwitzia muralensis[1]Heliomedusa orienta[2]Micromitra[2]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[2]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[1]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[2]Novocrania[1]Micrina[1]Paterimitra[-]Phoronis[-]Namacalathus[-]Flustra[-]Amathia[-]Serpula[-]Capitella[-]Canadia spinosa[-]Sipunculus[-]Wiwaxia corrugata[-]Odontogriphus omalus[-]Neopilina[-]Conocardium elongatum[-]Haliotis[-]Pojetaia runnegari[-]Mytilus[-]Dentalium[-]Pelagiella[1]Kulindroplax perissokomos[1]Acaenoplax hayae[-]Wirenia[-]Chaetoderma[1]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[1]Polysacos vickersianum[1]Leptochiton[1]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[1]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[-]Dailyatia[-]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 114: Sclerites: Bivalved: Hinge line shape

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

Gasconsia: The straight posterior margin of Gasconsia contributes to an overall resemblance with the Chileids (???).
Halkieria evangelista, Mickwitzia muralensis: Non-strophic.
Micrina: Non-strophic: see Holmer et al 2008.
Micromitra: Coded as strophic in Williams et al (1998T).
Novocrania: Craniides have a strophic posterior valve edge (Williams et al. 2007, table 39 on p. 2853): Novocrania’s “dorsal posterior margin” is “straight” (Williams et al. 2000, p. 171).
Tonicella: A linear hinge articulation does not exist between valves 1 and 2; nor would it exist between valves 1 and 8 were these adjacent (Connors et al., 2012).
Yuganotheca elegans: Not evident from fossil material; the possibility of a short strophic hinge line (as in Longtancunella) is difficult to discount.

[115] Enclosing filtration chamber

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[0]Eccentrotheca[0]Cotyledion tylodes[0]Orthrozanclus[0]Halkieria evangelista[1]Pedunculotheca diania[1]Haplophrentis carinatus[1]Mickwitzia muralensis[1]Heliomedusa orienta[1]Micromitra[1]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[1]Orthis[1]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[1]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[0]Micrina[0]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[0]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[0]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[0]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[0]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[0]Pelagiella[0]Kulindroplax perissokomos[0]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[0]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[0]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[0]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[0]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[0]Dailyatia[0]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 115: Sclerites: Bivalved: Enclosing filtration chamber

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

In crown-group brachiopods, the two primary shells close to form an enclosed filtration chamber. Further down the stem, taxa such as Micrina do not.

[116] Commissure: Exact correspondence of valve margins

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[0]Eccentrotheca[0]Cotyledion tylodes[0]Orthrozanclus[0]Halkieria evangelista[0]Pedunculotheca diania[1]Haplophrentis carinatus[1]Mickwitzia muralensis[1]Heliomedusa orienta[1]Micromitra[1]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[1]Orthis[1]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[1]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[0]Micrina[0]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[0]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[0]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[0]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[0]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[0]Pelagiella[0]Kulindroplax perissokomos[0]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[0]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[0]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[0]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[0]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[0]Dailyatia[0]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 116: Sclerites: Bivalved: Commissure: Exact correspondence of valve margins

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Orthothecid hyoliths can retract their operculum into their conical shell, in contrast to most other taxa, where the valves align exactly when they are closed, save perhaps for a pedicle notch or, in the case of hyolithids, depressions that allow the helens to protrude. Precise correspondence of valve margins is considered to represent a derived feature, so this character is treated as neomorphic (contra ???).

Micrina: Inexact, correcting (???).

[117] Commissure: Sulcate

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score (0 with Fitch)1 additional region (not counted by Fitch)An optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[-]Eccentrotheca[-]Cotyledion tylodes[-]Orthrozanclus[-]Halkieria evangelista[-]Pedunculotheca diania[1]Haplophrentis carinatus[1]Mickwitzia muralensis[1]Heliomedusa orienta[1]Micromitra[1]Gasconsia[12]Terebratulina[1]Orthis[1]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[1]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[-]Micrina[-]Paterimitra[-]Phoronis[-]Namacalathus[-]Flustra[-]Amathia[-]Serpula[-]Capitella[-]Canadia spinosa[-]Sipunculus[-]Wiwaxia corrugata[-]Odontogriphus omalus[-]Neopilina[-]Conocardium elongatum[-]Haliotis[-]Pojetaia runnegari[-]Mytilus[-]Dentalium[-]Pelagiella[-]Kulindroplax perissokomos[-]Acaenoplax hayae[-]Wirenia[-]Chaetoderma[-]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[-]Tonicella[-]Mopalia[-]Polysacos vickersianum[-]Leptochiton[-]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[-]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[-]Dailyatia[-]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 117: Sclerites: Bivalved: Commissure: Sulcate

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

The anterior commissure can be rectimarginate (i.e. straight), uniplicate (i.e. median sulcus in ventral valve), or sulcate (with median sulcus in dorsal valve).
Inapplicable where valves do not enclose a filtration chamber.

Micromitra: Following appendix 2 in Williams et al. (1998T).
Terebratulina: “Anterior commissure rectimarginate to uniplicate” – uniplicate in fig. 1425.1c of Williams et al. (2006).

[118] Commissure: Circular

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 3 to tree score1 additional regionAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[-]Eccentrotheca[-]Cotyledion tylodes[-]Orthrozanclus[-]Halkieria evangelista[-]Pedunculotheca diania[2]Haplophrentis carinatus[1]Mickwitzia muralensis[1]Heliomedusa orienta[2]Micromitra[1]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[1]Orthis[2]Yuganotheca elegans[2]Lingula[2]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[-]Micrina[-]Paterimitra[-]Phoronis[-]Namacalathus[-]Flustra[-]Amathia[-]Serpula[-]Capitella[-]Canadia spinosa[-]Sipunculus[-]Wiwaxia corrugata[-]Odontogriphus omalus[-]Neopilina[-]Conocardium elongatum[-]Haliotis[-]Pojetaia runnegari[-]Mytilus[-]Dentalium[-]Pelagiella[-]Kulindroplax perissokomos[-]Acaenoplax hayae[-]Wirenia[-]Chaetoderma[-]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[-]Tonicella[-]Mopalia[-]Polysacos vickersianum[-]Leptochiton[-]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[-]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[-]Dailyatia[-]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 118: Sclerites: Bivalved: Commissure: Circular

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

Shape of the commissure in plan view, ignoring any deflection arising due to articulation at the hinge (e.g. delthyrium/notothyrium). This character seeks to discriminate the essentially conical ‘conchs’ of orthothecid hyoliths from the polygonal ‘conchs’ of hyolithids. Triangular and oblong outlines are not distinguished, as this is not entirely independent of the strophic/astrophic nature of the hinge.
Inapplicable where valves do not enclose a filtration chamber.

Dentalium: Opening essentially polygonal (a rolled rectangle).
Gasconsia: Round, hinge notwithstanding (???).
Halkieria evangelista: Anterior shell essentially triangular.
Lingulellotreta malongensis: Linear, diverging lateral margins (???).
Mickwitzia muralensis: Round (Balthasar, 2004).
Micrina: Mitral valve aperture essentially round (???).
Micromitra: Lateral margins subparallel, cf. Askepasma (???).
Novocrania, Pelagodiscus atlanticus: Essentially round (???).
Orthis: Essentially round, hinge notwithstanding (???).
Paterimitra: Broad posterior sinus: not directly comparable with brachiopod condition.
Yuganotheca elegans: Polygonal (???).

[119] Commissure: Lateral margins

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 3 to tree score (2 with Fitch)2 additional regions (not counted by Fitch)An optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[-]Eccentrotheca[-]Cotyledion tylodes[-]Orthrozanclus[-]Halkieria evangelista[-]Pedunculotheca diania[2]Haplophrentis carinatus[-]Mickwitzia muralensis[-]Heliomedusa orienta[1]Micromitra[-]Gasconsia[-]Terebratulina[-]Orthis[2]Yuganotheca elegans[3]Lingula[2]Lingulellotreta malongensis[-]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[-]Novocrania[-]Micrina[-]Paterimitra[-]Phoronis[-]Namacalathus[-]Flustra[-]Amathia[-]Serpula[-]Capitella[-]Canadia spinosa[-]Sipunculus[-]Wiwaxia corrugata[-]Odontogriphus omalus[-]Neopilina[-]Conocardium elongatum[-]Haliotis[-]Pojetaia runnegari[-]Mytilus[-]Dentalium[-]Pelagiella[-]Kulindroplax perissokomos[-]Acaenoplax hayae[-]Wirenia[-]Chaetoderma[-]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[-]Tonicella[-]Mopalia[-]Polysacos vickersianum[-]Leptochiton[-]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[-]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[-]Dailyatia[-]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 119: Sclerites: Bivalved: Commissure: Lateral margins

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

If lateral margins are linear, are the subparallel (i.e. commissure profile oblong, with long hinge) or diverging (i.e. commissure profile triangular, with short hinge)?

Terebratulina: Inapplicable, as commissure is circular (correcting error in ???).

[120] Apophyses

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 3 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[0]Eccentrotheca[0]Cotyledion tylodes[0]Orthrozanclus[0]Halkieria evangelista[0]Pedunculotheca diania[0]Haplophrentis carinatus[0]Mickwitzia muralensis[0]Heliomedusa orienta[0]Micromitra[0]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[1]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[0]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[1]Micrina[0]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[0]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[0]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[0]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[0]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[0]Pelagiella[0]Kulindroplax perissokomos[0]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[0]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[0]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[0]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[0]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[0]Dailyatia[0]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 120: Sclerites: Bivalved: Apophyses

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Micrina, like many brachiopods, bears tooth-like structures or processes that articulate the two primary valves. Caution must be applied before taxa are coded as “absent”, as teeth can be subtle and may be overlooked.

Gasconsia: “Articulatory structure comprising ventral cardinal socket and dorsal hinge plate […] The shape of the shell probably correlates strongly with the unique type of articulation, which consists of a dorsal hinge plate that fits tightly into a cardinal socket in the ventral valve, with a concave homeodeltidium in the center of the ventral interarea” – Williams et al. 2000, p.184, concerning order Trimerellida.
Mickwitzia muralensis: Not reported by or evident in Balthasar (2004).
Tonicella: The sutural laminae correspond in function and position to brachiopod apophyses (Connors et al., 2012), and so are coded as potentially homologous.

[121] Apophyses: Morphology

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 3 to tree score (1 with Fitch)2 additional regions (not counted by Fitch)An optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[-]Eccentrotheca[-]Cotyledion tylodes[-]Orthrozanclus[-]Halkieria evangelista[-]Pedunculotheca diania[-]Haplophrentis carinatus[-]Mickwitzia muralensis[-]Heliomedusa orienta[-]Micromitra[-]Gasconsia[2]Terebratulina[1]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[-]Lingula[-]Lingulellotreta malongensis[-]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[-]Novocrania[1]Micrina[-]Paterimitra[-]Phoronis[-]Namacalathus[-]Flustra[-]Amathia[-]Serpula[-]Capitella[-]Canadia spinosa[-]Sipunculus[-]Wiwaxia corrugata[-]Odontogriphus omalus[-]Neopilina[-]Conocardium elongatum[-]Haliotis[-]Pojetaia runnegari[-]Mytilus[-]Dentalium[-]Pelagiella[-]Kulindroplax perissokomos[-]Acaenoplax hayae[-]Wirenia[-]Chaetoderma[-]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[-]Mopalia[-]Polysacos vickersianum[-]Leptochiton[-]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[-]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[-]Dailyatia[-]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 121: Sclerites: Bivalved: Apophyses: Morphology

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

Deltidiodont teeth are simple hinge teeth developed by the distal accretion of secondary shell; Cyrtomatodont teeth are knoblike or hook-shaped hinge teeth developed by differential secretion and resorption of the secondary shell (fig. 322 in Williams et al 1997).

Kutorginata (here represented by Kutorgina and Nisusia) don’t have teeth (apophyses) or dental sockets, but their shells are articulated by “two triangular plates formed by dorsal interarea, bearing oblique ridges on the inner sides” (Williams et al 2000, p. 211); this simple hinge mechanism is different from other rhynchonelliforms (Williams et al. 2000, p.208; table 13 character 30), and is described as a “pseudodont articulation” (Holmer et al. 2018E).

Micrina: The simple knob-like teeth of Micrina show no evidence of resprobtion or the hook-like shape that characterises Cyrtomatodont teeth.
Orthis: Coded as deltidiodont (in Eoorthis) in Benedetto (2009).
Terebratulina: Cyrtomatodont – see fig. 322 in Williams et al (2000).
Tonicella: Chiton apophyses (sutural laminae) are accretions deriving from the ventral shell layer of the intermediate and tail valves (Schwabe, 2010), so correspond to the deltidiodont situation in brachiopods.

[122] Apophyses: Dental plates

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[0]Eccentrotheca[0]Cotyledion tylodes[0]Orthrozanclus[0]Halkieria evangelista[0]Pedunculotheca diania[0]Haplophrentis carinatus[0]Mickwitzia muralensis[0]Heliomedusa orienta[0]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[1]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[0]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[0]Micrina[0]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[0]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[0]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[0]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[0]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[0]Pelagiella[0]Kulindroplax perissokomos[0]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[0]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[0]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[0]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[0]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[0]Dailyatia[0]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 122: Sclerites: Bivalved: Apophyses: Dental plates

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Williams et al. 1997 (p362) write: “Teeth […] are commonly supported by a pair of variably disposed plates also built up exclusively of secondary shell and known as dental plates (Fig. 323.1, 323.3).”

Dewing (2001) elaborates: “Dental plates are near-vertical, narrow sheets of shell tissue between the anteromedian edge of the teeth and floor of the ventral valve. They are a composite structure, resulting from the growth of teeth over the ridge that bounds the ventral-valve muscle field.”

Williams et al. 2000 (p.201) write: “The denticles lack supporting structures in all Obolellida, but in Naukatida they are supported by an arcuate plate below the
interarea, the anterise (Fig. 119.3a)”.

The anterise is conceivably homologous with the dental plates, thus the presence of either is coded “present” for this character.

Gasconsia: Coded ambiguous to reflect the possibility that the hinge plate in trimerellids is homologous to the dental plates of other taxa, and has replaced the teeth themselves as the primary articulatory mechanism (see Williams et al. 2000, p. 184, for details of the articulation).
Orthis: Coded as present (short and recessive, in Eoorthis) in Benedetto (2009).

[123] Sockets

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[0]Eccentrotheca[0]Cotyledion tylodes[0]Orthrozanclus[0]Halkieria evangelista[0]Pedunculotheca diania[0]Haplophrentis carinatus[0]Mickwitzia muralensis[0]Heliomedusa orienta[0]Micromitra[1]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[1]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[0]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[0]Micrina[0]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[0]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[0]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[0]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[0]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[0]Pelagiella[0]Kulindroplax perissokomos[0]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[0]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[0]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[0]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[0]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[0]Dailyatia[0]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 123: Sclerites: Bivalved: Sockets

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Simplified from Bassett, Popov, & Holmer (2001) character 16.
This character is independent of apophyses, as several taxa bear sockets without corresponding teeth; the function of these sockets is unknown.
See figs 323ff in Williams et al. (1997b).

Gasconsia: “Articulatory structure comprising ventral cardinal socket and dorsal hinge plate” – Williams et al. 2000, p. 184.
Mickwitzia muralensis: Not reported by or evident in Balthasar (2004).

[124] Socket ridges

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[0]Eccentrotheca[0]Cotyledion tylodes[0]Orthrozanclus[0]Halkieria evangelista[0]Pedunculotheca diania[0]Haplophrentis carinatus[0]Mickwitzia muralensis[0]Heliomedusa orienta[0]Micromitra[0]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[1]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[0]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[0]Micrina[0]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[0]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[0]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[0]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[0]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[0]Pelagiella[0]Kulindroplax perissokomos[0]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[0]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[0]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[0]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[0]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[0]Dailyatia[0]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 124: Sclerites: Bivalved: Socket ridges

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

After Bassett et al. (2001) character 17. May be difficult to distinguish from a brachiophore (see Fig 323 in Williams et al 1997), so the two structures are not distinguished here.

[125] Muscle scars: Ventral

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[0]Eccentrotheca[0]Cotyledion tylodes[0]Orthrozanclus[0]Halkieria evangelista[1]Pedunculotheca diania[1]Haplophrentis carinatus[0]Mickwitzia muralensis[1]Heliomedusa orienta[1]Micromitra[1]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[1]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[1]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[1]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[0]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[0]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[0]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[0]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[0]Pelagiella[0]Kulindroplax perissokomos[0]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[0]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[0]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[0]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[0]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[0]Dailyatia[0]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 125: Sclerites: Bivalved: Muscle scars: Ventral 

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

After Bassett et al. (2001) character 6.

Halkieria evangelista: Muscle scars are known from the Type A, but not Type B, morphs of the halkieriid Oikozetetes (Jacquet, Brock, & Paterson, 2014; Paterson, Brock, & Skovsted, 2009).
Mickwitzia muralensis: Scars absent; instead, cones ornament shell’s internal surface.
Micrina: Prominent ventral muscle scars – see e.g. Holmer et al 2008, fig. 1f.
Tonicella: Absent (Schwabe, 2010).

[126] Muscle scars: Ventral: Position

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[-]Eccentrotheca[-]Cotyledion tylodes[-]Orthrozanclus[-]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[-]Mickwitzia muralensis[12]Heliomedusa orienta[1]Micromitra[12]Gasconsia[2]Terebratulina[-]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[1]Lingulellotreta malongensis[-]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[12]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[-]Phoronis[-]Namacalathus[-]Flustra[-]Amathia[-]Serpula[-]Capitella[-]Canadia spinosa[-]Sipunculus[-]Wiwaxia corrugata[-]Odontogriphus omalus[-]Neopilina[-]Conocardium elongatum[-]Haliotis[-]Pojetaia runnegari[-]Mytilus[-]Dentalium[-]Pelagiella[-]Kulindroplax perissokomos[-]Acaenoplax hayae[-]Wirenia[-]Chaetoderma[-]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[-]Tonicella[-]Mopalia[-]Polysacos vickersianum[-]Leptochiton[-]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[-]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[-]Dailyatia[-]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 126: Sclerites: Bivalved: Muscle scars: Ventral: Position

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

Muscles can attach to the ventral valve posterolaterally to, as well as between, the vascula lateralia (Popov 1992).

Gasconsia: Musculature described in Hanken & Harper (1985), but location of mantle canals unknown.
Lingulellotreta malongensis: See fig. 5 in Holmer et al. 1997E.
Micromitra: Posteriomedial muscle field (Williams et al. 1998T, text-fig. 6) treated as equivalent to posterolateral muscles.
Novocrania: Posterior adductor muscles attach posterolaterally to ventral mantle canal (Robinson 2014).
Orthis: Not applicable: vascula lateralia not comparable to those of other taxa.
Pelagodiscus atlanticus: Inapplicable as vascular system not directly equivalent to the canonical; see. fig 6b in Balthasar (2009T).

[127] Muscle scars: Adjustor

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[0]Eccentrotheca[0]Cotyledion tylodes[0]Orthrozanclus[0]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[0]Haplophrentis carinatus[0]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[0]Micromitra[0]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[1]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[0]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[0]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[0]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[0]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[0]Pelagiella[0]Kulindroplax perissokomos[0]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[0]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[0]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[0]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[0]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[0]Dailyatia[0]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 127: Sclerites: Bivalved: Muscle scars: Adjustor

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

After Bassett et al. (2001) character 7.
This character is contingent on the presence of a pedicle. Extreme caution must be used in inferring an absent state, as adjustor scars can be extremely difficult to distinguish from the adductor scars.

Gasconsia: No mention of an adjustor muscle in Gasconsia or Trimerellida more generally on pp. 184–185 of Williams et al. 2000, nor in discussion in Williams et al. 2007 (p. 2850). Coded as absent.
Mickwitzia muralensis: Scars absent; instead, cones ornament shell’s internal surface.

[128] Muscle scars: Dorsal adductors

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[-]Eccentrotheca[-]Cotyledion tylodes[-]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[12]Haplophrentis carinatus[-]Mickwitzia muralensis[1]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[1]Gasconsia[3]Terebratulina[3]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[2]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[3]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[3]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[-]Phoronis[-]Namacalathus[-]Flustra[-]Amathia[-]Serpula[-]Capitella[-]Canadia spinosa[-]Sipunculus[-]Wiwaxia corrugata[-]Odontogriphus omalus[-]Neopilina[-]Conocardium elongatum[-]Haliotis[-]Pojetaia runnegari[-]Mytilus[-]Dentalium[-]Pelagiella[-]Kulindroplax perissokomos[-]Acaenoplax hayae[-]Wirenia[-]Chaetoderma[-]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[-]Tonicella[-]Mopalia[-]Polysacos vickersianum[-]Leptochiton[-]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[-]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[-]Dailyatia[-]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 128: Sclerites: Bivalved: Muscle scars: Dorsal adductors

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

After Bassett et al. (2001) character 8, and Williams et al. (1996, character 35; 2000, p. 160, character 54)

In the dorsal valve, the anterior and posterior adductor scars of articulated brachiopods form a single (quadripartite) muscle field (Williams et al. 2000, p. 201)

In contrast, the anterior and posterior scars of e.g. trimerellids have prominently separate attachment points, with anterior and posterior muscle fields clearly distinct, and coded as “dispersed”.

In e.g. kutorginates, adductor muscles are separated into left and right fields; the same is the case in lingulids, where there are more separate muscle groups and the left and right fields conspire to produce a radial arrangement; both of these configurations are scored as “radially arranged”.

Gasconsia: Following the coding of Williams et al. (2000), table 15.
Halkieria evangelista: It is unclear whether the paired muscle scars of Oikozetetes may be homologous to brachiopod adductors.
Haplophrentis carinatus: Moysiuk et al. (2017) reconstruct distinct left and right attachment scars, consistent with general situation in hyoliths (see Dzik 1980); it is unclear whether additional smaller scars were present in a radial arrangement (as in e.g. Gompholites, Marek, 1967) or whether unseen scars were dispersed, hence the partially ambiguous coding.
Heliomedusa orienta: Distinct anterior and posterior fields (Chen et al. 2007); coded as “dispersed” by Williams et al. (2000) in table 15.
Mickwitzia muralensis: Scars absent; instead, cones ornament shell’s internal surface.
Micromitra: Williams et al. (1998T) code as “dispersed”, but have a less divided scheme of character states and disagree with other sources in some codings (e.g. Bassett et al. 2001, in Kutorginates). Williams et al. (2000) do not describe Micromitra musculature and we were unable to find any reliable description of the scars, so we code as “not presently available”.
Novocrania: Craniids scored as “open, quadripartite” by Williams et al. (1996).
Pelagodiscus atlanticus: Discinids scored as “open, quadripartite” by Williams et al. (1996).
Terebratulina: Coded as “grouped, quadripartite” by Williams et al. (1996).

[129] Muscle scars: Adductors: Position

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[-]Eccentrotheca[-]Cotyledion tylodes[-]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[-]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[1]Gasconsia[2]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[-]Phoronis[-]Namacalathus[-]Flustra[-]Amathia[-]Serpula[-]Capitella[-]Canadia spinosa[-]Sipunculus[-]Wiwaxia corrugata[-]Odontogriphus omalus[-]Neopilina[-]Conocardium elongatum[-]Haliotis[-]Pojetaia runnegari[-]Mytilus[-]Dentalium[-]Pelagiella[-]Kulindroplax perissokomos[-]Acaenoplax hayae[-]Wirenia[-]Chaetoderma[-]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[-]Tonicella[-]Mopalia[-]Polysacos vickersianum[-]Leptochiton[-]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[-]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[-]Dailyatia[-]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 129: Sclerites: Bivalved: Muscle scars: Adductors: Position

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

Position of adductor muscles relative to commissural plane.
After Bassett et al. (2001) character 11.

Gasconsia: See discussion under Trimerellida in Williams et al. (2000).
Mickwitzia muralensis: Scars absent; instead, cones ornament shell’s internal surface.
Pelagodiscus atlanticus: Musculature considered essentially equivalent to Lingula by Williams et al 2000, so Lingula coding followed here.

[130] Muscle scars: Dermal muscles

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[0]Eccentrotheca[0]Cotyledion tylodes[0]Orthrozanclus[0]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[0]Micromitra[0]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[0]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[1]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[0]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[0]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[0]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[0]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[0]Pelagiella[0]Kulindroplax perissokomos[0]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[0]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[0]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[0]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[0]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[0]Dailyatia[0]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 130: Sclerites: Bivalved: Muscle scars: Dermal muscles

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Based on character 11 in Zhang et al. (2014).
Well developed dermal muscles present in the body wall of recent lingulates, which are absent in all calcareous-shelled brachiopods. These muscles are responsible for the hydraulic shell-opening mechanism, and possibly present in all organophosphatic-shelled brachiopods, with the possible exception of the paterinates (Williams et al., 2000, p. 32).

Gasconsia, Orthis: According to the statement of Williams et al. (2000, p. 32) that these muscle are absent in all carbonate- shelled brachiopods.
Micromitra: Williams et al. (2000, p. 32) are uncertain about the presence of these muscles in the paterinates. Zhang et al. (2014) code absence in Paterinida, but without specifying evidence; we follow their coding here.
Novocrania: Following Zhang et al. (2014), and the statement of Williams et al. (2000) that such muscles are absent in all calcite-shelled brachiopods.
Pelagodiscus atlanticus: Musculature considered essentially equivalent to Lingula by Williams et al 2000, so Lingula coding followed here.
Terebratulina: Williams et al. (2000, p. 32) state that these muscles are absent in all carbonate-shelled brachiopods.

[131] Muscle scars: Unpaired median (levator ani)

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[0]Eccentrotheca[0]Cotyledion tylodes[0]Orthrozanclus[0]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[0]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[0]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[0]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[0]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[0]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[0]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[0]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[0]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[0]Pelagiella[0]Kulindroplax perissokomos[0]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[0]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[0]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[0]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[0]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[0]Dailyatia[0]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 131: Sclerites: Bivalved: Muscle scars: Unpaired median (levator ani)

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

The levator ani is a diminutive unpaired medial muscle found in certain calcitic brachiopods (Williams et al. 2000; see fig. 89, character 34 in table 13).

Gasconsia: Williams et al. 2000 code an unpaired medial muscle scar as present in their table 13, but give no reference for this coding, which perhaps arises from their interpretation of the taxon as a trimerellid. Hanken and Harper (1985, p. 249 and text-fig. 2) explicitly identify a pair of central muscles, so we code a levator ani as absent.
Heliomedusa orienta: Poor preservation of minor muscle scars noted by Chen et al. (2007).
Mickwitzia muralensis: Scars absent; instead, cones ornament shell’s internal surface.
Novocrania: Following table 13 in Williams et al. 2000 (for Novocrania).
Pelagodiscus atlanticus: Musculature considered essentially equivalent to Lingula by Williams et al 2000, so Lingula coding followed here.

[132] Muscle scars: Dorsal diductor

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[0]Eccentrotheca[0]Cotyledion tylodes[0]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[0]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[1]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[1]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[0]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[0]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[0]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[0]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[0]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[0]Pelagiella[0]Kulindroplax perissokomos[0]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[0]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[0]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[0]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[0]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[0]Dailyatia[0]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 132: Sclerites: Bivalved: Muscle scars: Dorsal diductor

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

After Bassett et al. (2001) character 9.

Gasconsia: Internal oblique muscles serve as diductors.
Halkieria evangelista: It is unclear whether the paired muscle scars of Oikozetetes are homologous to brachiopod diductors.
Micromitra: Possible diductor scar could instead correspond to discinoid posterior adductors (???); coded as uncertain.

[133] Muscle scars: Dorsal diductor: Position

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[-]Eccentrotheca[-]Cotyledion tylodes[-]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[-]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[2]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[1]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[-]Lingula[-]Lingulellotreta malongensis[-]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[2]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[-]Phoronis[-]Namacalathus[-]Flustra[-]Amathia[-]Serpula[-]Capitella[-]Canadia spinosa[-]Sipunculus[-]Wiwaxia corrugata[-]Odontogriphus omalus[-]Neopilina[-]Conocardium elongatum[-]Haliotis[-]Pojetaia runnegari[-]Mytilus[-]Dentalium[-]Pelagiella[-]Kulindroplax perissokomos[-]Acaenoplax hayae[-]Wirenia[-]Chaetoderma[-]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[-]Tonicella[-]Mopalia[-]Polysacos vickersianum[-]Leptochiton[-]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[-]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[-]Dailyatia[-]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 133: Sclerites: Bivalved: Muscle scars: Dorsal diductor: Position

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

After Bassett et al. (2001) character 10.

4.13 Sclerites: Dorsal valve

[134] Growth direction

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 14 to tree score (13 with Fitch)1 additional region (not counted by Fitch)An optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[-]Eccentrotheca[-]Cotyledion tylodes[1]Orthrozanclus[2]Halkieria evangelista[1]Pedunculotheca diania[1]Haplophrentis carinatus[1]Mickwitzia muralensis[1]Heliomedusa orienta[2]Micromitra[2]Gasconsia[2]Terebratulina[2]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[3]Lingula[2]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[2]Micrina[1]Paterimitra[-]Phoronis[-]Namacalathus[-]Flustra[-]Amathia[-]Serpula[-]Capitella[-]Canadia spinosa[-]Sipunculus[-]Wiwaxia corrugata[-]Odontogriphus omalus[2]Neopilina[1]Conocardium elongatum[13]Haliotis[1]Pojetaia runnegari[1]Mytilus[-]Dentalium[2]Pelagiella[2]Kulindroplax perissokomos[1]Acaenoplax hayae[-]Wirenia[-]Chaetoderma[2]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[3]Tonicella[2]Mopalia[1]Polysacos vickersianum[2]Leptochiton[2]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[1]Calvapilosa kroegeri[1]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[-]Dailyatia[-]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 134: Sclerites: Dorsal valve: Growth direction

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

See Fig. 284 in Williams et al. (1997b). Corresponds to character 15 in Sutton et al. (2012).
The growth direction dictates the attitude of the cardinal area relative to the hinge, which does not therefore represent an independent character.
Crudely put, if, viewed from a dorsal position, the umbo falls within the outer margin of the shell, growth is holoperipheral; if it falls outside the margin, it is mixoperipheral; if it falls exactly on the margin, it is hemiperipheral.

Acaenoplax hayae: Holoperipheral (Sutton et al., 2004).
Calvapilosa kroegeri: Umbo in centre of valve (Vinther et al., 2017).
Conocardium elongatum: Holoperipheral (Branson, 1942).
Glaphurochiton carbonarius: Seemingly mixoperipheral (Hoare & Mapes, 1986).
Haliotis: Holoperipheral in some species, hemiperipheral in others.

Heliomedusa orienta: “holoperipheral growth in dorsal valve” – Williams et al. 2007.

Zhang et al. (2009) conclude that Chen et al. (2007) misidentify the dorsal valve as the ventral valve.
Kulindroplax perissokomos: “All valves are mixoperipheral” (Sutton et al., 2012).
Micrina: See Holmer et al. (2008).
Mytilus: Holoperipheral, by analogy with rostroconchs.
Neopilina: Mixoperipheral, though only just (Menzies & Layton, 1962).
Orthrozanclus: The umbo is situated in the anterior half of the shell, but within the margin (Conway Morris & Caron, 2007).
Paterimitra: S2 and L sclerites are clearly holoperipheral. See Larsson et al. 2014, fig. 2.
Phthipodochiton thraivensis: All valves mixoperipheral (Sutton & Sigwart, 2012).
Siphogonuchites multa: Bengtson (1992).

Tonicella: For the purposes of this analysis, we must treat polyplacophoran and brachiopod valves as potentially homologous.

In brachiopods, the dorsal valve bears the lophophore, which arises from the anterior lobe of the larva (Altenburger et al., 2013) – indicating that the dorsal shell field is associated with the anterior lobe.

In polyplacophorans, the head valve arises from a shell field on the anterior (pre-prototroch) lobe of the larva (Wanninger & Haszprunar, 2002a), which we therefore treat as homologous with the brachiopod dorsal valve.

In support of this hypothesis, we note that the posterior (but not anterior) valves of chitons bear apophyses (Connors et al., 2012; Schwabe, 2010), which are most prominent in the ventral (but not dorsal) valves of brachiopods (Williams et al 1997, fig. 322), and which occur in the morph A shell of Oikozetetes, which is interpreted as the posterior valve of a halkieriid (Paterson et al., 2009).

As the single posterior shell field of polyplacophorans subdivides to give rise to the six intermediate valves plus the tail valve (Wanninger & Haszprunar, 2002a), we prefer to consider the intermediate valves as representing “subdivisions” of a single valve rather than additional valves added to the body plan.

Growth is hemiperipheral in the anterior valve of polyplacophorans and holoperipheral in the posterior valves (Connors et al., 2012; Schwabe, 2010).

[135] Aspect

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 8 to tree score (7 with Fitch)1 additional region (not counted by Fitch)An optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[2]Orthrozanclus[2]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[2]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[3]Novocrania[?]Micrina[3]Paterimitra[-]Phoronis[-]Namacalathus[-]Flustra[-]Amathia[-]Serpula[-]Capitella[-]Canadia spinosa[-]Sipunculus[-]Wiwaxia corrugata[-]Odontogriphus omalus[1]Neopilina[1]Conocardium elongatum[1]Haliotis[1]Pojetaia runnegari[1]Mytilus[?]Dentalium[1]Pelagiella[3]Kulindroplax perissokomos[2]Acaenoplax hayae[-]Wirenia[-]Chaetoderma[3]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[3]Tonicella[3]Mopalia[3]Polysacos vickersianum[3]Leptochiton[23]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[1]Calvapilosa kroegeri[1]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[-]Dailyatia[-]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 135: Sclerites: Dorsal valve: Aspect

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

Character 16 in Sutton et al. (2012). Length:width ratio of the primary valve. Coded ambiguous in marginal cases: for example, a length:width ratio of 1.02:1 might be coded ambiguous(elongate, equant).

Acaenoplax hayae: Equant (Sutton et al., 2004).
Calvapilosa kroegeri: Slightly longer than wide (Vinther et al., 2017).
Glaphurochiton carbonarius: Described as “semi-circular to elongate”, but some figured material is almost wider than long (Hoare & Mapes, 1986); coded as equant to transverse.
Halkieria evangelista: Approximately equant (Conway Morris, 1995).
Kulindroplax perissokomos: Wider than long (Sutton et al., 2012).
Mopalia: (???).
Novocrania: Wider than long (Williams et al., 2000).
Pelagiella: Nützel et al. (2006).
Pelagodiscus atlanticus: Approximately equant (Williams et al., 2000).
Siphogonuchites multa: Bengtson (1992).

[136] Posterior surface: Differentiated

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 9 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[0]Eccentrotheca[0]Cotyledion tylodes[1]Orthrozanclus[0]Halkieria evangelista[1]Pedunculotheca diania[1]Haplophrentis carinatus[0]Mickwitzia muralensis[0]Heliomedusa orienta[1]Micromitra[0]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[1]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[1]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[1]Micrina[1]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[0]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[0]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[1]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[0]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[0]Pelagiella[0]Kulindroplax perissokomos[0]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[1]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[0]Polysacos vickersianum[1]Leptochiton[1]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[1]Calvapilosa kroegeri[0]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[0]Dailyatia[0]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 136: Sclerites: Dorsal valve: Posterior surface: Differentiated

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

In shells that grow by mixoperipheral growth, the triangular area subtended between each apex and the posterior ends of the lateral margins is termed the cardinal area. In shells with holoperipheral growth, a flattened surface on the posterior margin of the valve is termed a pseudointerarea (paraphrasing Williams et al. 1997).

In order for this character to be independent of a shell’s growth direction, we do not distinguish between a “cardinal area”, “interarea” or “pseudointerarea”.

Acaenoplax hayae: Not differentiated; essentially round (Sutton et al., 2004).
Calvapilosa kroegeri: Slight concavity of posterior surface (Vinther et al., 2017).
Gasconsia: Absent: the dorsal (branchial) pseudointerarea of G. schucherti is “reduced or obsolete”; that of G. worsleyi “short, virtually obsolete” (Hanken & Harper 1985).
Haplophrentis carinatus: A very short pseudointerarea appears to be present (Moysiuk et al. 2017).
Heliomedusa orienta: Pseudointerea in ventral valve, but not dorsal valve (Williams et al. 2000, 2007).
Leptochiton: Kaas (1994).
Lingula, Lingulellotreta malongensis: Pseudointerarea present, following Williams et al. (2000), table 6.
Mickwitzia muralensis: Shell flat.
Micrina: = Sellate sclerite duplicature (Holmer et al. 2008).
Micromitra: “Dorsal pseudointerarea usually well defined, low, anacline to catacline” – Williams et al. 2000.
Novocrania, Paterimitra, Pedunculotheca diania: Pseudointerarea.
Orthis: Cardinal area (interarea) present.
Pelagodiscus atlanticus: Absent, following entry for Discinidae in Williams et al. (2000), table 6.
Phthipodochiton thraivensis: Slightly concave (Sutton & Sigwart, 2012).
Siphogonuchites multa: Bengtson (1992).
Terebratulina: Interarea present.
Tonicella: V-shaped notch in anterior valve (Schwabe, 2010).
Yuganotheca elegans: A differentiated region is not obvious in fossil material or its reconstruction (Zhang et al. 2014), but the two-dimensional preservation style of Chengjiang material makes details of dorsal valve difficult to distinguish, and the possibility of a diminutive pseudointerarea cannot be excluded with confidence.

[137] Differentiated posterior surface: Morphology

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 10 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[0]Eccentrotheca[0]Cotyledion tylodes[1]Orthrozanclus[0]Halkieria evangelista[01]Pedunculotheca diania[1]Haplophrentis carinatus[0]Mickwitzia muralensis[0]Heliomedusa orienta[1]Micromitra[0]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[0]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[0]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[0]Micrina[1]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[0]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[0]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[2]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[0]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[0]Pelagiella[0]Kulindroplax perissokomos[0]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[2]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[2]Mopalia[0]Polysacos vickersianum[2]Leptochiton[2]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[2]Calvapilosa kroegeri[0]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[0]Dailyatia[0]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 137: Sclerites: Dorsal valve: Differentiated posterior surface: Morphology

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

It is possible for a cardinal area or pseudointerarea to be distinct from the anterior part of the shell, yet to remain curved in lateral profile.

Taking an undifferentiated posterior margin as primitive, the primitive condition is curved – flattening of the posterior margin represents an additional modification that can only occur once the posterior margin is differentiated.

Calvapilosa kroegeri: Slight concavity of posterior surface (Vinther et al., 2017).
Pelagodiscus atlanticus, Gasconsia, Heliomedusa orienta, Mickwitzia muralensis: Posterior surface cannot be flat if it is not differentiated.
Glaphurochiton carbonarius: Irregular but overall concave (Hoare & Mapes, 1986).
Micromitra: Essentially straight; see fig. 3.7 in Ushatinskaya 2016P.
Orthrozanclus: Posterior face appears close to planar (Conway Morris & Caron, 2007; Zhao et al., 2017).
Pedunculotheca diania: Difficult to evaluate based on present material, given low nature of valve and compressed preservation.
Tonicella: Essentially planar, though open in aspect (following Chiton in Schwabe, 2010).

[138] Posterior surface: Medial groove

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 3 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[0]Eccentrotheca[0]Cotyledion tylodes[0]Orthrozanclus[0]Halkieria evangelista[0]Pedunculotheca diania[0]Haplophrentis carinatus[0]Mickwitzia muralensis[0]Heliomedusa orienta[0]Micromitra[0]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[0]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[1]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[0]Micrina[0]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[0]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[0]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[1]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[1]Pojetaia runnegari[1]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[0]Pelagiella[0]Kulindroplax perissokomos[0]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[0]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[0]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[0]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[0]Calvapilosa kroegeri[0]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[0]Dailyatia[0]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 138: Sclerites: Dorsal valve: Posterior surface: Medial groove

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Following character 29 in Williams et al. (2000), table 9 (which relates to pseudointerarea).

Conocardium elongatum: Arguably the gap between the valves represents a medial groove.
Heliomedusa orienta: “A posteriorly protruding dorsal pseudointerarea with no median groove and no flexure lines” – Chen et al. 2007.
Lingulellotreta malongensis: Dorsal pseudointerarea with wide, concave median groove and short propareas" – Williams et al 2000.
Pojetaia runnegari, Mytilus: The gap between the valves could arguably be described as a medial groove.

[139] Posterior surface: Notothyrium

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[0]Eccentrotheca[0]Cotyledion tylodes[0]Orthrozanclus[0]Halkieria evangelista[0]Pedunculotheca diania[0]Haplophrentis carinatus[0]Mickwitzia muralensis[0]Heliomedusa orienta[0]Micromitra[0]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[1]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[0]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[0]Micrina[0]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[0]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[0]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[0]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[0]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[0]Pelagiella[0]Kulindroplax perissokomos[0]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[0]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[0]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[0]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[0]Calvapilosa kroegeri[0]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[0]Dailyatia[0]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 139: Sclerites: Dorsal valve: Posterior surface: Notothyrium

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

A notothyrium is an opening in an interarea that accommodates the pedicle, and may be filled with plates.

Tonicella: The deep V-shaped notch (Schwabe, 2010, fig. 8) is positionally equivalent to the brachiopod notothyrium.

[140] Posterior surface: Notothyrium: Shape

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score (0 with Fitch)1 additional region (not counted by Fitch)An optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[-]Eccentrotheca[-]Cotyledion tylodes[-]Orthrozanclus[-]Halkieria evangelista[-]Pedunculotheca diania[-]Haplophrentis carinatus[-]Mickwitzia muralensis[-]Heliomedusa orienta[-]Micromitra[-]Gasconsia[-]Terebratulina[2]Orthis[-]Yuganotheca elegans[-]Lingula[-]Lingulellotreta malongensis[-]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[-]Novocrania[-]Micrina[-]Paterimitra[-]Phoronis[-]Namacalathus[-]Flustra[-]Amathia[-]Serpula[-]Capitella[-]Canadia spinosa[-]Sipunculus[-]Wiwaxia corrugata[-]Odontogriphus omalus[-]Neopilina[-]Conocardium elongatum[-]Haliotis[-]Pojetaia runnegari[-]Mytilus[-]Dentalium[-]Pelagiella[-]Kulindroplax perissokomos[-]Acaenoplax hayae[-]Wirenia[-]Chaetoderma[-]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[2]Tonicella[-]Mopalia[-]Polysacos vickersianum[-]Leptochiton[-]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[-]Calvapilosa kroegeri[-]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[-]Dailyatia[-]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 140: Sclerites: Dorsal valve: Posterior surface: Notothyrium: Shape

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

A notothyrium is an opening in an interarea that accommodates the pedicle, and may be filled with plates.

A simplification of character 5 in Bassett et al. 2001.

[141] Posterior surface: Notothyrium: Chilidial plates

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score (0 with Fitch)1 additional region (not counted by Fitch)An optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[-]Eccentrotheca[-]Cotyledion tylodes[-]Orthrozanclus[-]Halkieria evangelista[-]Pedunculotheca diania[-]Haplophrentis carinatus[-]Mickwitzia muralensis[-]Heliomedusa orienta[-]Micromitra[-]Gasconsia[-]Terebratulina[1]Orthis[-]Yuganotheca elegans[-]Lingula[-]Lingulellotreta malongensis[-]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[-]Novocrania[-]Micrina[-]Paterimitra[-]Phoronis[-]Namacalathus[-]Flustra[-]Amathia[-]Serpula[-]Capitella[-]Canadia spinosa[-]Sipunculus[-]Wiwaxia corrugata[-]Odontogriphus omalus[-]Neopilina[-]Conocardium elongatum[-]Haliotis[-]Pojetaia runnegari[-]Mytilus[-]Dentalium[-]Pelagiella[-]Kulindroplax perissokomos[-]Acaenoplax hayae[-]Wirenia[-]Chaetoderma[-]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[-]Mopalia[-]Polysacos vickersianum[-]Leptochiton[-]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[-]Calvapilosa kroegeri[-]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[-]Dailyatia[-]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 141: Sclerites: Dorsal valve: Posterior surface: Notothyrium: Chilidial plates

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

A notothyrium may be open or covered by a chilidium or two chilidial plates.
No included taxa exhibit more than one chilidial plate.
Transformational as it is not self-evident whether the ancestral taxon had an open or closed notothyrium.

[142] Notothyrial platform

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[0]Eccentrotheca[0]Cotyledion tylodes[0]Orthrozanclus[0]Halkieria evangelista[0]Pedunculotheca diania[0]Haplophrentis carinatus[0]Mickwitzia muralensis[0]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[0]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[1]Orthis[0]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[0]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[0]Micrina[0]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[0]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[0]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[0]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[0]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[0]Pelagiella[0]Kulindroplax perissokomos[0]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[0]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[0]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[0]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[0]Calvapilosa kroegeri[0]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[0]Dailyatia[0]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 142: Sclerites: Dorsal valve: Notothyrial platform

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

After Bassett et al. (2001) character 12.
The presence or absence of a notothyrial platform, which often serves as an attachment point for the diductors in a similar fashion to the cardinal processes, is independent of the presence of a notothyrium.

Micromitra: A low notothyrial plate (???) conceivably correspond to the raised notothyrial platform of Askepasma; coded ambiguous accordingly.

[143] Medial septum

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 4 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[0]Eccentrotheca[0]Cotyledion tylodes[0]Orthrozanclus[0]Halkieria evangelista[0]Pedunculotheca diania[0]Haplophrentis carinatus[0]Mickwitzia muralensis[1]Heliomedusa orienta[0]Micromitra[0]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[1]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[1]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[0]Micrina[0]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[0]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[0]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[0]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[0]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[0]Pelagiella[0]Kulindroplax perissokomos[0]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[0]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[0]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[0]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[0]Calvapilosa kroegeri[0]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[0]Dailyatia[0]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 143: Sclerites: Dorsal valve: Medial septum

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

The dorsal valve of many taxa is exhibits a septum or process (or myophragm) along the medial line. See character 25 in Benedetto (2009).

Heliomedusa orienta: Reported on ‘ventral’ valve by Chen et al. (2007); we consider their ‘ventral’ valve to be the dorsal valve.

The structure is unambiguously figured (e.g. fig. 5.1 in Chen et al. 2007), contra its coding as absent in Williams et al. 2000 and its lack of mention in Williams et al. 2007 or Zhang et al. 2009.
Lingulellotreta malongensis: Very weakly developed but seemingly present between muscle scars in Lingulellotreta, more prominent in Aboriginella (also Lingulellotretidae) (Williams et al. 2000, fig. 34).
Novocrania: Median process evident: Williams et al. (2000) fig. 100.2a, d.
Orthis: Short medial process (“low median ridge”, p. 724) present in dorsal valve; see Fig. 523.3b in Williams et al. (2000).

[144] Cardinal shield

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[0]Eccentrotheca[0]Cotyledion tylodes[0]Orthrozanclus[0]Halkieria evangelista[1]Pedunculotheca diania[1]Haplophrentis carinatus[0]Mickwitzia muralensis[0]Heliomedusa orienta[0]Micromitra[0]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[0]Orthis[0]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[0]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[0]Micrina[0]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[0]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[0]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[0]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[0]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[0]Pelagiella[0]Kulindroplax perissokomos[0]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[0]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[0]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[0]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[0]Calvapilosa kroegeri[0]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[0]Dailyatia[0]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 144: Sclerites: Dorsal valve: Cardinal shield

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

The hyolithid operculum is divided into a cardinal and conical shield (???), separated by furrows corresponding to the position of the helens. See Marek (1976) (fig. 2) or Martí Mus & Bergström (2005) (fig. 1) for schematic.

With no obvious sites for muscle attachment, the shields are unlikely to be homologous to the notothyrial platform.

[145] Cardinal processes

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[0]Eccentrotheca[0]Cotyledion tylodes[0]Orthrozanclus[0]Halkieria evangelista[1]Pedunculotheca diania[1]Haplophrentis carinatus[0]Mickwitzia muralensis[0]Heliomedusa orienta[0]Micromitra[0]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[1]Orthis[0]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[0]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[0]Micrina[0]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[0]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[0]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[0]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[0]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[0]Pelagiella[0]Kulindroplax perissokomos[0]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[0]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[0]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[0]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[0]Calvapilosa kroegeri[0]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[0]Dailyatia[0]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 145: Sclerites: Dorsal valve: Cardinal processes

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

After Bassett et al. (2001) character 13. See Martí Mus & Bergström (2005) for an illustration.
Cardinal processes are unlikely to be homologous with the notothyrial platform, even if their function is similar.

[146] Cardinal teeth

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 0 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[0]Eccentrotheca[0]Cotyledion tylodes[0]Orthrozanclus[0]Halkieria evangelista[0]Pedunculotheca diania[0]Haplophrentis carinatus[0]Mickwitzia muralensis[0]Heliomedusa orienta[0]Micromitra[0]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[0]Orthis[0]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[0]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[0]Micrina[0]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[0]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[0]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[0]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[0]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[0]Pelagiella[0]Kulindroplax perissokomos[0]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[0]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[0]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[0]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[0]Calvapilosa kroegeri[0]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[0]Dailyatia[0]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 146: Sclerites: Dorsal valve: Cardinal teeth

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Radially arranged teeth, separated by furrows, adorn the cardinal margin of the operculum of certain hyolithids (Marek, 1963). The absence of corresponding tooth sockets indicates that they do not serve to articulate the valves; Marek (1967) does not consider the teeth to be homologous with brachiopod cardinal teeth.

[147] Clavicles

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[0]Eccentrotheca[0]Cotyledion tylodes[0]Orthrozanclus[0]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[1]Haplophrentis carinatus[0]Mickwitzia muralensis[0]Heliomedusa orienta[0]Micromitra[0]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[0]Orthis[0]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[0]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[0]Micrina[0]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[0]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[0]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[0]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[0]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[0]Pelagiella[0]Kulindroplax perissokomos[0]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[0]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[0]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[0]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[0]Calvapilosa kroegeri[0]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[0]Dailyatia[0]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 147: Sclerites: Dorsal valve: Clavicles

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Prominent symmetrical ridges on the inner surface of the hyolith operculum.

[148] Clavicles: Type of clavicles

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 0 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[-]Eccentrotheca[-]Cotyledion tylodes[-]Orthrozanclus[-]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[1]Haplophrentis carinatus[-]Mickwitzia muralensis[-]Heliomedusa orienta[-]Micromitra[-]Gasconsia[-]Terebratulina[-]Orthis[-]Yuganotheca elegans[-]Lingula[-]Lingulellotreta malongensis[-]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[-]Novocrania[-]Micrina[-]Paterimitra[-]Phoronis[-]Namacalathus[-]Flustra[-]Amathia[-]Serpula[-]Capitella[-]Canadia spinosa[-]Sipunculus[-]Wiwaxia corrugata[-]Odontogriphus omalus[-]Neopilina[-]Conocardium elongatum[-]Haliotis[-]Pojetaia runnegari[-]Mytilus[-]Dentalium[-]Pelagiella[-]Kulindroplax perissokomos[-]Acaenoplax hayae[-]Wirenia[-]Chaetoderma[-]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[-]Tonicella[-]Mopalia[-]Polysacos vickersianum[-]Leptochiton[-]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[-]Calvapilosa kroegeri[-]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[-]Dailyatia[-]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 148: Sclerites: Dorsal valve: Clavicles: Type of clavicles

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

Usually the operculum of hyoliths has one pair of clavicles, but in some taxa of hyolithida there are more than one pair of clavicles, which can be divided into six types (Marek, 1967). The included taxa either exhibit a single pair of monoclavicles, or three pairs of clavicles.

4.14 Sclerites: Ventral valve

[149] Growth direction

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 6 to tree score1 additional regionAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[-]Eccentrotheca[-]Cotyledion tylodes[-]Orthrozanclus[2]Halkieria evangelista[1]Pedunculotheca diania[1]Haplophrentis carinatus[1]Mickwitzia muralensis[2]Heliomedusa orienta[2]Micromitra[2]Gasconsia[2]Terebratulina[2]Orthis[1]Yuganotheca elegans[3]Lingula[2]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[2]Micrina[2]Paterimitra[-]Phoronis[-]Namacalathus[-]Flustra[-]Amathia[-]Serpula[-]Capitella[-]Canadia spinosa[-]Sipunculus[-]Wiwaxia corrugata[-]Odontogriphus omalus[-]Neopilina[-]Conocardium elongatum[-]Haliotis[-]Pojetaia runnegari[-]Mytilus[-]Dentalium[-]Pelagiella[-]Kulindroplax perissokomos[-]Acaenoplax hayae[-]Wirenia[-]Chaetoderma[-]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[-]Polysacos vickersianum[1]Leptochiton[-]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[-]Calvapilosa kroegeri[-]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[-]Dailyatia[-]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 149: Sclerites: Ventral valve: Growth direction

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

See Fig. 284 in Williams et al. (1997) for depiction of terms.

The growth direction dictates the attitude of the cardinal area relative to the hinge, which does not therefore represent an independent character.
Crudely put, if, viewed from a dorsal position, the umbo falls within the outer margin of the shell, growth is holoperipheral; if it falls outside the margin, it is mixoperipheral; if it falls exactly on the margin, it is hemiperipheral.

Heliomedusa orienta: Williams et al. (2000, 2007) reconstruct mixoperipheral growth in the ventral valve (though Chen et al. (2007) reconstruct the valves the other way round, i.e. it is the ventral valve that grows holoperipherally, and the dorsal mixoperipherally).
Paterimitra: The apical flange notwithstanding, the umbo of the S1 sclerite is posterior of the hinge line and the posterior edge of the lateral plate – see Larsson et al. 2014, fig. 2a, c.
Tonicella: Growth is hemiperipheral in the anterior valve of polyplacophorans and holoperipheral in the posterior valves (Connors et al., 2012; Schwabe, 2010).

[150] Relative size

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 7 to tree score (6 with Fitch)1 additional region (not counted by Fitch)An optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[-]Eccentrotheca[-]Cotyledion tylodes[-]Orthrozanclus[2]Halkieria evangelista[1]Pedunculotheca diania[1]Haplophrentis carinatus[1]Mickwitzia muralensis[1]Heliomedusa orienta[1]Micromitra[12]Gasconsia[2]Terebratulina[2]Orthis[12]Yuganotheca elegans[2]Lingula[1]Lingulellotreta malongensis[3]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[3]Novocrania[1]Micrina[1]Paterimitra[-]Phoronis[-]Namacalathus[-]Flustra[-]Amathia[-]Serpula[-]Capitella[-]Canadia spinosa[-]Sipunculus[-]Wiwaxia corrugata[-]Odontogriphus omalus[-]Neopilina[-]Conocardium elongatum[-]Haliotis[-]Pojetaia runnegari[-]Mytilus[-]Dentalium[-]Pelagiella[-]Kulindroplax perissokomos[-]Acaenoplax hayae[-]Wirenia[-]Chaetoderma[-]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[12]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[-]Polysacos vickersianum[23]Leptochiton[-]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[-]Calvapilosa kroegeri[-]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[-]Dailyatia[-]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 150: Sclerites: Ventral valve: Relative size

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

In many brachiopods, the valves are closely similar in size; in others, the ventral valve is markedly larger than the dorsal, on account of being more convex. Marginal cases are treated as ambiguous for the relevant states.

Gasconsia: Equivalve as juveniles, becoming “convexiplane” (Williams et al. 2000, p. 187) as adults (???).
Heliomedusa orienta: Ventral valve larger than the dorsal valve (Zhang et al. 2009, p. 659).
Leptochiton: Dorsal valve slightly larger (Kaas, 1994).
Tonicella: Coded as ambiguous for equivalve/ventral valve larger: the posterior embryonic shell field is treated herein as equivalent to the ventral valve.
Yuganotheca elegans: The ventral valve is somewhat, but not markedly, larger than the dorsal; as such, this character is coded ambiguous for equivalve/ventral valve larger.

[151] Posterior surface: Differentiated

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 6 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[0]Eccentrotheca[0]Cotyledion tylodes[0]Orthrozanclus[1]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[1]Haplophrentis carinatus[1]Mickwitzia muralensis[1]Heliomedusa orienta[1]Micromitra[1]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[1]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[1]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[1]Micrina[1]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[0]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[0]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[0]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[0]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[0]Pelagiella[0]Kulindroplax perissokomos[0]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[0]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[0]Polysacos vickersianum[1]Leptochiton[0]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[0]Calvapilosa kroegeri[0]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[0]Dailyatia[0]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 151: Sclerites: Ventral valve: Posterior surface: Differentiated

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

In shells that grow by mixoperipheral growth, the triangular area subtended between each apex and the posterior ends of the lateral margins is termed the cardinal area. In shells with holoperipheral growth, a flattened surface on the posterior margin of the valve is termed a pseudointerarea (paraphrasing Williams et al. 1997).

In order for this character to be independent of a shell’s growth direction, we do not distinguish between a “cardinal area”, “interarea” or “pseudointerarea”.

Gasconsia: The region corresponding to the ventral (pseudo)interarea is described as a “trimerellid ventral cardinal area” by Williams et al. (2000, p.162), who code both an interarea and a pseudointerarea as absent in trimerellids.
Heliomedusa orienta: Zhang et al. (2009) report a moderate to somewhat developed ventral pseudointerarea, confirmed by Williams et al (2007).
Mickwitzia muralensis: Termed an interarea by Balthasar (2004).
Mopalia: (???).
Orthis: Interarea present.
Paterimitra: Triangular notch and subapical flange.
Pedunculotheca diania: Lateral lines suggest differentiation of posterior surface, but difficult to discern a change in morphology of this region. Coded ambiguous.
Terebratulina: Interarea.
Tonicella: Following the proposed homology model between the posterior valve of polyplacophorans and the ventral valve of brachiopods, the “posterior” surface of the polyplacophoran valve is taken to be the surface that would articulate with the anterior valve, which is anatomically anterior on the living organism.

[152] Posterior margin growth direction

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score (1 with Fitch)1 additional region (not counted by Fitch)An optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[-]Eccentrotheca[-]Cotyledion tylodes[-]Orthrozanclus[2]Halkieria evangelista[2]Pedunculotheca diania[2]Haplophrentis carinatus[2]Mickwitzia muralensis[2]Heliomedusa orienta[2]Micromitra[2]Gasconsia[2]Terebratulina[2]Orthis[2]Yuganotheca elegans[2]Lingula[1]Lingulellotreta malongensis[-]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[-]Novocrania[2]Micrina[2]Paterimitra[-]Phoronis[-]Namacalathus[-]Flustra[-]Amathia[-]Serpula[-]Capitella[-]Canadia spinosa[-]Sipunculus[-]Wiwaxia corrugata[-]Odontogriphus omalus[-]Neopilina[-]Conocardium elongatum[-]Haliotis[-]Pojetaia runnegari[-]Mytilus[-]Dentalium[-]Pelagiella[-]Kulindroplax perissokomos[-]Acaenoplax hayae[-]Wirenia[-]Chaetoderma[-]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[2]Tonicella[2]Mopalia[-]Polysacos vickersianum[2]Leptochiton[-]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[-]Calvapilosa kroegeri[-]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[-]Dailyatia[-]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 152: Sclerites: Ventral valve: Posterior margin growth direction

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

Balthasar (2008) notes an inward-growing posterior margin of the pseudointerarea as potentially linking Mummpikia with the linguliform brachiopods.

Coded as inapplicable in taxa without a differentiated posterior margin: the posterior margin can only grow inwards if it is differentiated from the anterior margin; else the entire shell would grow in on itself.

Lingulellotreta malongensis: Transverse cross section of ventral pseudointerarea concave.
Mopalia: (???).

[153] Posterior surface: Planar

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 4 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[0]Eccentrotheca[0]Cotyledion tylodes[0]Orthrozanclus[1]Halkieria evangelista[1]Pedunculotheca diania[1]Haplophrentis carinatus[0]Mickwitzia muralensis[0]Heliomedusa orienta[1]Micromitra[1]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[1]Orthis[0]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[0]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[0]Micrina[0]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[0]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[0]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[0]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[0]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[0]Pelagiella[0]Kulindroplax perissokomos[0]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[0]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[0]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[0]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[0]Calvapilosa kroegeri[0]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[0]Dailyatia[0]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 153: Sclerites: Ventral valve: Posterior surface: Planar

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

It is possible for a cardinal area or pseudointerarea to be distinct from the anterior part of the shell, yet to remain curved in lateral profile.

Taking an undifferentiated posterior margin as primitive, the primitive condition is curved – flattening of the posterior margin represents an additional modification that can only occur once the posterior margin is differentiated.

A flat and triangular interarea links Mummpikia with the Obolellidae (Balthasar 2008) – but all included taxa have triangular interareas, so this is not listed as a separate character.

Haplophrentis carinatus: Dorsal surface essentially linear (???, fig ed6a, ed7a).
Lingulellotreta malongensis: Transverse cross section of ventral pseudointerarea concave.
Micromitra: Essentially planar; see fig. 6 in Ushatinskaya 2016P.
Mopalia: (???).
Pedunculotheca diania: Essentially linear.
Tonicella: (Schwabe, 2010).

[154] Ligula

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[0]Eccentrotheca[0]Cotyledion tylodes[0]Orthrozanclus[0]Halkieria evangelista[0]Pedunculotheca diania[1]Haplophrentis carinatus[0]Mickwitzia muralensis[0]Heliomedusa orienta[0]Micromitra[0]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[0]Orthis[0]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[0]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[0]Micrina[0]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[0]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[0]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[0]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[0]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[0]Pelagiella[0]Kulindroplax perissokomos[0]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[0]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[0]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[0]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[0]Calvapilosa kroegeri[0]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[0]Dailyatia[0]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 154: Sclerites: Ventral valve: Ligula

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

The aperture of many hyolithid hyoliths is characterised by a ligula, a tongue-like protruding shelf on the functionally ventral surface of conical shell (Martí Mus & Bergström, 2005). This can be recognized by an acute angle in the lateral profile of the commissure (see second figure on p. 91 of Marek, 1966). No brachiopods display an equivalent feature.

[155] Posterior surface: Extent

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 4 to tree score (3 with Fitch)1 additional region (not counted by Fitch)An optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[-]Eccentrotheca[-]Cotyledion tylodes[-]Orthrozanclus[1]Halkieria evangelista[2]Pedunculotheca diania[2]Haplophrentis carinatus[12]Mickwitzia muralensis[1]Heliomedusa orienta[1]Micromitra[1]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[1]Orthis[1]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[2]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[2]Micrina[2]Paterimitra[-]Phoronis[-]Namacalathus[-]Flustra[-]Amathia[-]Serpula[-]Capitella[-]Canadia spinosa[-]Sipunculus[-]Wiwaxia corrugata[-]Odontogriphus omalus[-]Neopilina[-]Conocardium elongatum[-]Haliotis[-]Pojetaia runnegari[-]Mytilus[-]Dentalium[-]Pelagiella[-]Kulindroplax perissokomos[-]Acaenoplax hayae[-]Wirenia[-]Chaetoderma[-]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[-]Polysacos vickersianum[-]Leptochiton[-]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[-]Calvapilosa kroegeri[-]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[-]Dailyatia[-]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 155: Sclerites: Ventral valve: Posterior surface: Extent

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

Distinguishes taxa whose ventral valve is essentially flat from those that are essentially conical.

Gasconsia: “ventral cardinal interarea low, apsacline, with narrow, poorly defined homeodeltidium” – Williams et al. 2000, p. 186.
Mickwitzia muralensis: Often not prominently high (Skovsted & Holmer, 2003; Balthasar, 2004), though in some cases (e.g. Butler et al. 2015) the ventral valve approaches the conical shape that this character is intended to capture. Coded as polymorphic.
Novocrania: Low cone.
Orthis: Scored ‘Low’ for Eoorthis by Benedetto (2009); assumed same in Orthis.

[156] Posterior surface: Delthyrium

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 5 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[0]Eccentrotheca[0]Cotyledion tylodes[0]Orthrozanclus[0]Halkieria evangelista[0]Pedunculotheca diania[0]Haplophrentis carinatus[1]Mickwitzia muralensis[0]Heliomedusa orienta[1]Micromitra[1]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[1]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[1]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[1]Micrina[1]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[0]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[0]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[0]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[0]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[0]Pelagiella[0]Kulindroplax perissokomos[0]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[0]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[0]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[0]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[0]Calvapilosa kroegeri[0]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[0]Dailyatia[0]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 156: Sclerites: Ventral valve: Posterior surface: Delthyrium

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

A delthyrium is an opening in an interarea or pseudointerarea that accommodates the pedicle, and may be filled with plates.

The homology of the pedicle in the pseudointerarea of obolellids and botsfordiids with the umbonal pedicle foramen of acrotretids was proposed by Popov (1992), and seemingly corroborated by observations of Ushatinskaya & Korovnikov (2016R), who note that the propareas of the Botsfordia ventral valve sometimes merge to form an elongate teardrop-shaped pedicle foramen.

Mickwitzia muralensis: A delthyrium is present in young individuals (Balthasar 2004).
Micrina: Opening inferred by Holmer et al. (2008).
Pelagodiscus atlanticus: The listrum (pedicle opening) is interpreted as originating via a similar mechanism to that of acrotretids (Popov 1992), and hence corresponding to a basally sealed delthyrium.
Tonicella: The antemucronal area (Schwabe, 2010) is treated as equivalent to the brachiopod delthyrium.
Yuganotheca elegans: Details of the hinge region are unclear due to the flattened and overprinted nature of fossil preservation.

[157] Posterior surface: Delthyrium: Shape

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score (1 with Fitch)1 additional region (not counted by Fitch)An optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[-]Eccentrotheca[-]Cotyledion tylodes[-]Orthrozanclus[-]Halkieria evangelista[-]Pedunculotheca diania[-]Haplophrentis carinatus[23]Mickwitzia muralensis[-]Heliomedusa orienta[2]Micromitra[2]Gasconsia[2]Terebratulina[2]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[-]Lingula[3]Lingulellotreta malongensis[3]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[-]Novocrania[2]Micrina[2]Paterimitra[-]Phoronis[-]Namacalathus[-]Flustra[-]Amathia[-]Serpula[-]Capitella[-]Canadia spinosa[-]Sipunculus[-]Wiwaxia corrugata[-]Odontogriphus omalus[-]Neopilina[-]Conocardium elongatum[-]Haliotis[-]Pojetaia runnegari[-]Mytilus[-]Dentalium[-]Pelagiella[-]Kulindroplax perissokomos[-]Acaenoplax hayae[-]Wirenia[-]Chaetoderma[-]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[2]Tonicella[2]Mopalia[-]Polysacos vickersianum[-]Leptochiton[-]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[-]Calvapilosa kroegeri[-]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[-]Dailyatia[-]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 157: Sclerites: Ventral valve: Posterior surface: Delthyrium: Shape

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

A parallel-sided delthyrium links Mummpikia with the Obolellidae (Balthasar 2008).

Following Popov (1992), the larval delthyrium of acrotretids and allied taxa is understood to be sealed in adults by outgrowths of the posterolateral margins of the shell. The resultant round or teardrop-shaped foramen corresponds the delthyrium.

Mickwitzia muralensis: An opening is incorporated at the base of the homeodeltidium when the organism switches from early to late maturity (fig. 10 in Balthasar 2004). This opening is conceivably homologous with the pedicle foramen of acrotretid brachiopods and their ilk. To reflect this possible homology, Mickwitzia is coded as polymorphic (triangular/round).

[158] Posterior surface: Delthyrium: Shape: Aspect of rounded opening

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score1 additional regionAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[-]Eccentrotheca[-]Cotyledion tylodes[-]Orthrozanclus[-]Halkieria evangelista[-]Pedunculotheca diania[-]Haplophrentis carinatus[3]Mickwitzia muralensis[-]Heliomedusa orienta[-]Micromitra[-]Gasconsia[-]Terebratulina[-]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[-]Lingula[1]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[-]Novocrania[-]Micrina[-]Paterimitra[-]Phoronis[-]Namacalathus[-]Flustra[-]Amathia[-]Serpula[-]Capitella[-]Canadia spinosa[-]Sipunculus[-]Wiwaxia corrugata[-]Odontogriphus omalus[-]Neopilina[-]Conocardium elongatum[-]Haliotis[-]Pojetaia runnegari[-]Mytilus[-]Dentalium[-]Pelagiella[-]Kulindroplax perissokomos[-]Acaenoplax hayae[-]Wirenia[-]Chaetoderma[-]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[-]Tonicella[-]Mopalia[-]Polysacos vickersianum[-]Leptochiton[-]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[-]Calvapilosa kroegeri[-]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[-]Dailyatia[-]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 158: Sclerites: Ventral valve: Posterior surface: Delthyrium: Shape: Aspect of rounded opening

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

Chen et al. (2007) propose that an oval to rhombic foramen characterises the discinids (and Heliomedusa, though the foramen in this taxon has since been reinterpreted by Zhang et al. (2009) as an impression of internal tissue).

Lingulellotreta malongensis: Oval (Williams et al. 2000).
Mickwitzia muralensis: Wider than long: see fig. 10 in Balthasar 2004.

[159] Posterior surface: Delthyrium: Cover

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score (1 with Fitch)1 additional region (not counted by Fitch)An optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[-]Eccentrotheca[-]Cotyledion tylodes[-]Orthrozanclus[-]Halkieria evangelista[-]Pedunculotheca diania[-]Haplophrentis carinatus[2]Mickwitzia muralensis[-]Heliomedusa orienta[2]Micromitra[2]Gasconsia[2]Terebratulina[1]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[-]Lingula[-]Lingulellotreta malongensis[-]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[-]Novocrania[2]Micrina[2]Paterimitra[-]Phoronis[-]Namacalathus[-]Flustra[-]Amathia[-]Serpula[-]Capitella[-]Canadia spinosa[-]Sipunculus[-]Wiwaxia corrugata[-]Odontogriphus omalus[-]Neopilina[-]Conocardium elongatum[-]Haliotis[-]Pojetaia runnegari[-]Mytilus[-]Dentalium[-]Pelagiella[-]Kulindroplax perissokomos[-]Acaenoplax hayae[-]Wirenia[-]Chaetoderma[-]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[2]Tonicella[2]Mopalia[-]Polysacos vickersianum[-]Leptochiton[-]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[-]Calvapilosa kroegeri[-]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[-]Dailyatia[-]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 159: Sclerites: Ventral valve: Posterior surface: Delthyrium: Cover

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

An open delthyrium links Mummpikia with the Obolellidae (Balthasar 2008).

The delthyrial opening can be covered by one or more deltidial plates, or a pseudodeltitium.

Inapplicable in taxa with a round delthiruym (generated by overgrowth of the delthyrial opening by posterolateral parts of the shell, per Popov 1992).

Micromitra: Williams et al. 2000, fig. 83.3.
Paterimitra: Covered by subaical flange, in part.

[160] Posterior surface: Delthyrium: Cover: Extent

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 3 to tree score1 additional regionAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[-]Eccentrotheca[-]Cotyledion tylodes[-]Orthrozanclus[-]Halkieria evangelista[-]Pedunculotheca diania[-]Haplophrentis carinatus[2]Mickwitzia muralensis[-]Heliomedusa orienta[2]Micromitra[2]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[-]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[-]Lingula[-]Lingulellotreta malongensis[-]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[-]Novocrania[1]Micrina[1]Paterimitra[-]Phoronis[-]Namacalathus[-]Flustra[-]Amathia[-]Serpula[-]Capitella[-]Canadia spinosa[-]Sipunculus[-]Wiwaxia corrugata[-]Odontogriphus omalus[-]Neopilina[-]Conocardium elongatum[-]Haliotis[-]Pojetaia runnegari[-]Mytilus[-]Dentalium[-]Pelagiella[-]Kulindroplax perissokomos[-]Acaenoplax hayae[-]Wirenia[-]Chaetoderma[-]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[2]Tonicella[2]Mopalia[-]Polysacos vickersianum[-]Leptochiton[-]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[-]Calvapilosa kroegeri[-]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[-]Dailyatia[-]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 160: Sclerites: Ventral valve: Posterior surface: Delthyrium: Cover: Extent

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

Micrina: Remains somewhat open.
Micromitra: Completely covered (Williams et al. 2000, fig. 83.3).

[161] Posterior surface: Delthyrium: Cover: Identity

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score1 additional regionAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[-]Eccentrotheca[-]Cotyledion tylodes[-]Orthrozanclus[-]Halkieria evangelista[-]Pedunculotheca diania[-]Haplophrentis carinatus[1]Mickwitzia muralensis[-]Heliomedusa orienta[1]Micromitra[1]Gasconsia[2]Terebratulina[-]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[-]Lingula[-]Lingulellotreta malongensis[-]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[-]Novocrania[1]Micrina[1]Paterimitra[-]Phoronis[-]Namacalathus[-]Flustra[-]Amathia[-]Serpula[-]Capitella[-]Canadia spinosa[-]Sipunculus[-]Wiwaxia corrugata[-]Odontogriphus omalus[-]Neopilina[-]Conocardium elongatum[-]Haliotis[-]Pojetaia runnegari[-]Mytilus[-]Dentalium[-]Pelagiella[-]Kulindroplax perissokomos[-]Acaenoplax hayae[-]Wirenia[-]Chaetoderma[-]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[3]Tonicella[3]Mopalia[-]Polysacos vickersianum[-]Leptochiton[-]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[-]Calvapilosa kroegeri[-]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[-]Dailyatia[-]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 161: Sclerites: Ventral valve: Posterior surface: Delthyrium: Cover: Identity

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

This character has the capacity for further resolution (one or more deltidial plates), but this is unlikely to affect the results of the present study.

The pseudodelthyrium is also referred to as a homeodeltidium.

The antemucronal area of Polyplacophora is treated as equivalent to the brachiopod delthyrium, but is not depositionally distinct to the rest of the shell, so is coded with a distinct character state.

Gasconsia: A homeodeltidium is illustrated by (???).
Lingulellotreta malongensis: The subapical flange of the Paterimitra S1 sclerite has been homologised with the ventral homeodeltidium of Micromitra (Larsson et al 2014).
Mickwitzia muralensis: Termed a homoedeltidium by Balthasar (2004).
Micrina: “Ventral valve convex with apsacline interarea bearing delthyrium, covered by a convex pseudodeltidium” – Holmer et al. 2008.

[162] Posterior surface: Delthyrium: Pseudodeltidium: Shape

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[-]Eccentrotheca[-]Cotyledion tylodes[-]Orthrozanclus[-]Halkieria evangelista[-]Pedunculotheca diania[-]Haplophrentis carinatus[2]Mickwitzia muralensis[-]Heliomedusa orienta[2]Micromitra[1]Gasconsia[-]Terebratulina[-]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[-]Lingula[-]Lingulellotreta malongensis[-]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[-]Novocrania[2]Micrina[2]Paterimitra[-]Phoronis[-]Namacalathus[-]Flustra[-]Amathia[-]Serpula[-]Capitella[-]Canadia spinosa[-]Sipunculus[-]Wiwaxia corrugata[-]Odontogriphus omalus[-]Neopilina[-]Conocardium elongatum[-]Haliotis[-]Pojetaia runnegari[-]Mytilus[-]Dentalium[-]Pelagiella[-]Kulindroplax perissokomos[-]Acaenoplax hayae[-]Wirenia[-]Chaetoderma[-]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[-]Tonicella[-]Mopalia[-]Polysacos vickersianum[-]Leptochiton[-]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[-]Calvapilosa kroegeri[-]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[-]Dailyatia[-]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 162: Sclerites: Ventral valve: Posterior surface: Delthyrium: Pseudodeltidium: Shape

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

A ridge-like (i.e. convex) pseudodeltitium unites Salanygolina with Coolinia and other Chileata (Holmer et al. 2009, p. 6).

Gasconsia: “Narrow depressed homeodeltidium” – (???).
Mickwitzia muralensis: Convex (see Balthasar 2004, fig. 4B).
Micrina: Convex deltoid (Holmer et al. 2008T).
Micromitra: Gently convex (see Williams et al. 2000, fig. 83.3).
Paterimitra: Gently convex (see Williams et al. 2000, fig. 83.1).

[163] Posterior surface: Delthyrium: Pseudodeltidium: Hinge furrows

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 0 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[0]Eccentrotheca[0]Cotyledion tylodes[0]Orthrozanclus[0]Halkieria evangelista[0]Pedunculotheca diania[0]Haplophrentis carinatus[0]Mickwitzia muralensis[0]Heliomedusa orienta[0]Micromitra[0]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[0]Orthis[0]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[0]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[0]Micrina[0]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[0]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[0]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[0]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[0]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[0]Pelagiella[0]Kulindroplax perissokomos[0]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[0]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[0]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[0]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[0]Calvapilosa kroegeri[0]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[0]Dailyatia[0]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 163: Sclerites: Ventral valve: Posterior surface: Delthyrium: Pseudodeltidium: Hinge furrows

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

After Bassett et al. (2001) character 18, “Hinge furrows on lateral sides of pseudodeltidium”.

Novocrania, Lingula, Pelagodiscus atlanticus, Terebratulina, Phoronis, Dailyatia, Micromitra, Eccentrotheca, Heliomedusa orienta, Lingulellotreta malongensis, Micrina, Orthis, Paterimitra, Haplophrentis carinatus, Pedunculotheca diania: Absent due to inapplicability of neomorphic character.
Gasconsia: Not evident or illustrated (???).

[164] Umbonal perforation

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[0]Eccentrotheca[0]Cotyledion tylodes[0]Orthrozanclus[0]Halkieria evangelista[1]Pedunculotheca diania[0]Haplophrentis carinatus[0]Mickwitzia muralensis[0]Heliomedusa orienta[0]Micromitra[0]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[0]Orthis[1]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[0]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[0]Micrina[0]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[0]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[0]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[0]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[0]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[0]Pelagiella[0]Kulindroplax perissokomos[0]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[0]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[0]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[0]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[0]Calvapilosa kroegeri[0]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[0]Dailyatia[0]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 164: Sclerites: Ventral valve: Umbonal perforation

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Certain taxa, particularly those with a colleplax, exhibit a perforation at the umbo of the ventral valve. This opening is sometimes associated with a pedicle sheath, which emerges from the umbo of the ventral valve without any indication of a relationship with the hinge.

In contrast, the pedicle of acrotretids and similar brachiopods is situated on the larval hinge line, but is later surrounded by the posterolateral regions of the growing shell to become separated from the hinge line, and encapsulated in a position close to (or with resorption of the brephic shell, at) the umbo (see Popov 1992, pp. 407–411 and fig. 3 for discussion). In some cases, an internal pedicle tube attests to this origin – potentially corresponding to the pedicle groove of lingulids. As such, the pedicle foramen of acrotretids and allies is not originally situated at the umbo; it is instead understood to represent a basally sealed delthyrium.

Dailyatia: The B and C sclerites of Dailyatia bear small umbonal perforations (Skovsted et al 2015), but these are not considered to be homologous with the ventral valve, so this character is coded as inapplicable – though the possibility that the perforations are equivalent is intriguing.

A1 sclerites typically have a pair of perforations, which are conceivably equivalent to the setal tubes of Micrina (Holmer et al. 2011). The A1 sclerite of D. bacata has a structure that is arguably similar to the ‘colleplax’ of Paterimitra. But the homology of any of these structures to the umbonal aperture of brachiopods is difficult to establish.
Eccentrotheca: The sclerites of Eccentrotheca form a ring that surrounds the inferred attachment structure; the attachment structure does not emerge from an aperture within an individual sclerite. Thus no feature in Eccentrotheca is judged to be potentially homologous with the apical perforation in bivalved brachiopods.
Heliomedusa orienta: There is “compelling evidence to demonstrate that the putative pedicle
illustrated by Chen et al. (2007: Figs. 4, 6, 7) in fact is the mold of a three-dimensionally preserved visceral cavity.” – Zhang et al. 2009.
Mickwitzia muralensis: The umbo itself is imperforate (Balthasar 2004).
Paterimitra: The presumed pedicle foramen is an opening between the S1 and S2 sclerites, neither of which are perforated (Skovsted et al. 2009).

[165] Umbonal perforation: Shape

All taxa are coded as ambiguous or inapplicable for this character.

Character 165: Sclerites: Ventral valve: Umbonal perforation: Shape

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

The perforation in Cupitheca seems to have a distinct origin, arising through decollation; as such, the shape simply reflects the outline of the shell. This reflects a distinct origin of the perforation and is therefore provided as a separate state.

Heliomedusa orienta: Rhombic to oval – seen as evidence for a discinid affinity (Chen et al. 2007).

[166] Colleplax, cicatrix or pedicle sheath

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[0]Eccentrotheca[0]Cotyledion tylodes[0]Orthrozanclus[0]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[0]Haplophrentis carinatus[0]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[0]Micromitra[0]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[0]Orthis[1]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[0]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[0]Micrina[0]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[0]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[0]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[0]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[0]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[0]Pelagiella[0]Kulindroplax perissokomos[0]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[0]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[0]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[0]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[0]Calvapilosa kroegeri[0]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[0]Dailyatia[0]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 166: Sclerites: Ventral valve: Colleplax, cicatrix or pedicle sheath

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

In certain taxa, the umbo of the ventral valve bears a colleplax, cicatrix or pedicle sheath; Bassett et al. (2008) consider these structures as homologous.

Heliomedusa orienta: A cicatrix was reconstructed by Jin & Wang 1992 (figs 6b, 7), but has not been reported by later authors; possibly, as with the ‘pedicle foramen’ of Chen et al. (2007), this structure represents internal organs rather than a cicatrix proper (Zhang et al. 2009); as such it has been recorded as ambiguous.
Lingulellotreta malongensis: The pedicle is identified as such (rather than a pedicle sheath) by the internal pedicle tube.
Micrina: Absent in Micrina (Holmer et al. 2011).
Pedunculotheca diania: The flat apical termination of juvenile individuals possibly functioned as colleplax for attachment, but may simply represent the brephic shell; we treat it as ambiguous to reflect this potential homology.
Yuganotheca elegans: The median collar or conical tube is conceivably homologous with the pedicle sheath.

[167] Median septum

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 3 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[0]Eccentrotheca[0]Cotyledion tylodes[0]Orthrozanclus[0]Halkieria evangelista[0]Pedunculotheca diania[0]Haplophrentis carinatus[0]Mickwitzia muralensis[0]Heliomedusa orienta[1]Micromitra[1]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[0]Orthis[0]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[1]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[0]Micrina[0]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[0]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[0]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[0]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[0]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[0]Pelagiella[0]Kulindroplax perissokomos[0]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[0]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[0]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[0]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[0]Calvapilosa kroegeri[0]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[0]Dailyatia[0]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 167: Sclerites: Ventral valve: Median septum

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Chen et al. (2007) observe a median septum in what they interpret as the ventral valve of Heliomedusa, and the ventral valve of Discinisca, which they propose points to a close relationship.

Gasconsia: Evident in moulds of ventral valve (???; ???).
Haplophrentis carinatus: The carina of H. carinatus is an angular elevation of the ventral valve surface, rather than a septum growing inward on the interior of shell.
Heliomedusa orienta: Reported on ‘ventral’ valve by Chen et al. (2007); we consider the ‘ventral’ valve to be the dorsal valve.
Lingulellotreta malongensis: Medial septum visible in ventral valve in Williams et al. (2000), fig. 34.1c.
Micromitra: Ventral ridge characteristic of Micromitra (Skovsted & Peel 2010).
Novocrania: Valve thin and often unmineralized.
Pelagodiscus atlanticus: Described as present in Discinisca by Chen et al. 2007; assumed present also in Pelagodiscus.
Siphogonuchites multa: Seemingly present in S. multa (Bengtson, 1992, fig. 2), though this is not interpreted as a ventral valve.

4.15 Sclerites: Ornament

[168] Concentric ornament

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 7 to tree score1 additional regionAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[2]Eccentrotheca[2]Cotyledion tylodes[2]Orthrozanclus[2]Halkieria evangelista[2]Pedunculotheca diania[2]Haplophrentis carinatus[2]Mickwitzia muralensis[2]Heliomedusa orienta[2]Micromitra[2]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[1]Orthis[1]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[1]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[2]Novocrania[2]Micrina[2]Paterimitra[-]Phoronis[-]Namacalathus[-]Flustra[-]Amathia[-]Serpula[-]Capitella[-]Canadia spinosa[-]Sipunculus[-]Wiwaxia corrugata[-]Odontogriphus omalus[2]Neopilina[2]Conocardium elongatum[1]Haliotis[1]Pojetaia runnegari[1]Mytilus[1]Dentalium[1]Pelagiella[1]Kulindroplax perissokomos[1]Acaenoplax hayae[-]Wirenia[-]Chaetoderma[1]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[1]Polysacos vickersianum[2]Leptochiton[2]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[2]Calvapilosa kroegeri[1]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[2]Dailyatia[1]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 168: Sclerites: Ornament: Concentric ornament

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

After character 11 in Williams et al. (1998T). Coded as transformational as it is possible that maintaining a smooth shell without occasional prominent ridges requires greater secretory control.

Acaenoplax hayae: None evident (Sutton et al., 2004).
Calvapilosa kroegeri: Prominent ridge in certain specimens (Vinther et al., 2017).
Conocardium elongatum: Some concentric ornament evident in some regions of the shell (Rogalla & Amler, 2003).
Cotyledion tylodes: Zhang et al. (2013).
Eccentrotheca: More or less concentric ridges occur on Eccentrotheca sclerites (Skovsted et al. 2011).
Glaphurochiton carbonarius: Concentric ridges, with additional pustules (Hoare & Mapes, 1986).
Halkieria evangelista: Ridges in shell parallel, but are more prominent than, growth lines.
Haplophrentis carinatus: A series of regularly spaced concentric ridges adorn both valves (Moysiuk et al. 2017); these are more pronounced than mere growth lines.
Heliomedusa orienta: The ornament on shell exterior is described as concentric fila (Chen et al., 2007, P.43), and also scored as it in Williams et al. (2000, pp.160–163).
Leptochiton: Kaas (1994).
Mickwitzia muralensis: Symmetric fila.
Micromitra: Following appendix 2 in Williams et al. (1998T).
Mytilus: Growth lines only.
Neopilina: Menzies & Layton (1962).
Novocrania: Irregular ridges externally (Williams et al. 2000).
Orthrozanclus: Concentric ridges in addition to growth lines (Conway Morris & Caron, 2007).
Pedunculotheca diania: A series of regularly spaced concentric ridges adorn the ventral valve; comparatively less regular lines ornament the operculum.
Pelagiella: Ornament, if present, is not concentric.
Pelagodiscus atlanticus: Only growth lines evident (Williams et al. 2000).
Phthipodochiton thraivensis: “Ornament of growth lines only” (Sutton & Sigwart, 2012).
Terebratulina: Single ridge evident in Williams et al. (2006) fig. 1425.1a interpreted as interruption ot growth rather than inherent feature, so coded as absent (i.e. smooth).
Tonicella: No prominent ornamentat in Tonicella (Connors et al., 2012).
Yilingia spiciformis: Smooth (Chen et al., 2019).

[169] Concentric ornament: Symmetry

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 4 to tree score (3 with Fitch)2 additional regions (not counted by Fitch)An optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[1]Eccentrotheca[1]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[1]Halkieria evangelista[2]Pedunculotheca diania[2]Haplophrentis carinatus[2]Mickwitzia muralensis[2]Heliomedusa orienta[1]Micromitra[1]Gasconsia[-]Terebratulina[-]Orthis[-]Yuganotheca elegans[-]Lingula[-]Lingulellotreta malongensis[-]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[12]Micrina[1]Paterimitra[-]Phoronis[-]Namacalathus[-]Flustra[-]Amathia[-]Serpula[-]Capitella[-]Canadia spinosa[-]Sipunculus[-]Wiwaxia corrugata[-]Odontogriphus omalus[2]Neopilina[2]Conocardium elongatum[-]Haliotis[-]Pojetaia runnegari[-]Mytilus[-]Dentalium[-]Pelagiella[-]Kulindroplax perissokomos[-]Acaenoplax hayae[-]Wirenia[-]Chaetoderma[-]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[-]Tonicella[-]Mopalia[-]Polysacos vickersianum[1]Leptochiton[1]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[1]Calvapilosa kroegeri[-]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[1]Dailyatia[-]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 169: Sclerites: Ornament: Concentric ornament: Symmetry

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

After character 11 in Williams et al. (1998T).

Calvapilosa kroegeri: Vinther et al. (2017).
Dailyatia: Clear asymmetry (Skovsted et al. 2015).
Eccentrotheca: Ornament, such as it is, is asymmetric, with prominent outer faces (Skovsted et al. 2011).
Gasconsia: Assymmetric (???).
Heliomedusa orienta: See fig. 1715 in Williams et al. (2007).
Leptochiton: Kaas (1981).
Mickwitzia muralensis: Symmetric fila (Balthasar 2004).
Micrina: No obvious asymmetry, even if not obviously symmetric either (Holmer et al. 2008). Coded as ambiguous.
Micromitra: Following appendix 2 in Williams et al. (1998T).
Neopilina: Seemingly symmetric (Menzies & Layton, 1962).
Novocrania: Clear outer faces (Williams et al. 2000, fig. 100.2b).
Orthrozanclus: Preservation inadequate to determine.

[170] Radial ornament

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 6 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[0]Eccentrotheca[0]Cotyledion tylodes[0]Orthrozanclus[0]Halkieria evangelista[0]Pedunculotheca diania[0]Haplophrentis carinatus[1]Mickwitzia muralensis[0]Heliomedusa orienta[1]Micromitra[1]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[1]Orthis[0]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[0]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[0]Micrina[0]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[0]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[0]Odontogriphus omalus[1]Neopilina[1]Conocardium elongatum[1]Haliotis[0]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[1]Pelagiella[0]Kulindroplax perissokomos[0]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[0]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[1]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[0]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[0]Calvapilosa kroegeri[0]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[0]Dailyatia[0]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 170: Sclerites: Ornament: Radial ornament

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Ridges radiating from umbo, i.e. ribs.

Calvapilosa kroegeri: Radial structures interpreted as aesthete canals (Vinther et al., 2017).
Gasconsia: “Ornament of indistinct low radial ribs” – Williams et al. (2000, p167).
Haliotis: Radial (apical to apertural) lineations present (Auzoux-Bordenave et al., 2010).
Heliomedusa orienta: See fig. 1715 in Williams et al. (2007).
Neopilina: Menzies & Layton (1962).
Orthrozanclus: Conway Morris & Caron (2007).
Pelagiella: Radial arrangement of knobs (Li, Zhang, Yun, & Li, 2017).
Polysacos vickersianum: Radial ridges present on certain valves; particularly evident on tail valve (Vendrasco et al., 2004).
Yilingia spiciformis: Smooth (Chen et al., 2019).

[171] Shell-penetrating spines

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 0 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[0]Eccentrotheca[0]Cotyledion tylodes[0]Orthrozanclus[0]Halkieria evangelista[0]Pedunculotheca diania[0]Haplophrentis carinatus[0]Mickwitzia muralensis[0]Heliomedusa orienta[0]Micromitra[0]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[0]Orthis[0]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[0]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[0]Micrina[0]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[0]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[0]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[0]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[0]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[0]Pelagiella[0]Kulindroplax perissokomos[0]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[0]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[0]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[0]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[0]Calvapilosa kroegeri[0]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[0]Dailyatia[0]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 171: Sclerites: Ornament: Shell-penetrating spines

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Mineralized or partly mineralized spines are observed in Heliomedusa and Acanthotretella.

Acaenoplax hayae: Spines are processes of the shells, rather than penetrative (Sutton et al., 2004).
Heliomedusa orienta: The ‘spines’ reported by Chen et al. (2007) are pyritized spinelike setae – see pp. 2580–2590 in Williams et al. (2007).
Orthrozanclus: Not evident (Conway Morris & Caron, 2007).
Siphogonuchites multa: No treated as homologous to those of brachiopods, due to their inferred homology with setae.
Tonicella: Aesthete canals penetrate the main valves of certain chitons, but are not equivalent to the shell-penetrating spines of brachiopods.

4.16 Sclerites: Composition

[172] Mineralogy

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 10 to tree score1 additional regionAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[2]Eccentrotheca[234]Cotyledion tylodes[34]Orthrozanclus[4]Halkieria evangelista[4]Pedunculotheca diania[4]Haplophrentis carinatus[2]Mickwitzia muralensis[12]Heliomedusa orienta[2]Micromitra[4]Gasconsia[3]Terebratulina[3]Orthis[1]Yuganotheca elegans[2]Lingula[2]Lingulellotreta malongensis[2]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[3]Novocrania[2]Micrina[2]Paterimitra[-]Phoronis[3]Namacalathus[-]Flustra[-]Amathia[-]Serpula[-]Capitella[-]Canadia spinosa[-]Sipunculus[-]Wiwaxia corrugata[-]Odontogriphus omalus[4]Neopilina[4]Conocardium elongatum[4]Haliotis[4]Pojetaia runnegari[4]Mytilus[-]Dentalium[4]Pelagiella[34]Kulindroplax perissokomos[4]Acaenoplax hayae[-]Wirenia[-]Chaetoderma[34]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[4]Tonicella[4]Mopalia[3]Polysacos vickersianum[4]Leptochiton[34]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[34]Calvapilosa kroegeri[4]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[2]Dailyatia[1]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 172: Sclerites: Composition: Mineralogy

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

Acaenoplax hayae: Preserved as calcite, but interpreted as aragonitic (Sutton et al., 2004).
Calvapilosa kroegeri: Calcareous (Vinther et al., 2017).
Conocardium elongatum: Entirely aragonitic in Apotocardium (Rogalla et al., 2003).
Cotyledion tylodes: The extensive relief and association with pyrite framboids indicates original mineralization, but the identity of the biomineral remains uncertain (Zhang et al., 2013).
Gasconsia: Confirmed in Trimerella by Balthasar et al. 2011.
Haliotis: “Essentially made of aragonite” (Auzoux-Bordenave et al., 2010).
Heliomedusa orienta: “Shell originally organophosphatic, but may generally have been poorly mineralized” – Williams et al. 2007 – cf. ibid, p. 2889, “These strong similarities to discinoids in soft-part anatomy imply that the Heliomedusa shell was chitinous or chitinophosphatic, not calcareous.”
Kulindroplax perissokomos: Presumed calcareous.
Lingulellotreta malongensis: Coded as phosphatic by Zhang et al. (2014), but with no explanation.
Cracks within shells of Chengjiang specimens (e.g. Zhang et al. 2007N, fig. 3) demonstrate that the shells were originally mineralized, but not the identity of the original biomineral. This said, phosphatized material from Kazakhstan (Holmer et al. 1997) is attributed to the same species; presuming this phosphate to be original and the material to be conspecific, L. malongensis is coded as having phosphatic shells.
Mickwitzia muralensis: Calcite and silica deemed diagenetic by Balthasar (2004).
Novocrania: Ventral valve uncalcified in extant forms or sometimes thin (Williams et al., 2000), but coded as calcitic as calcite-mineralizing pathways are present.
Orthrozanclus: Relief indicates original mineralization, presumably in calcium carbonate as the originally phosphatic biominerals retain their original composition in Burgess Shale palaeoscolecids (Smith, 2015).
Pelagiella: Aragonite (Li et al., 2017).
Pojetaia runnegari: Originally comprised spherulitic aragonite prisms (Runnegar & Bentley, 1983).
Polysacos vickersianum: By analogy with close relative Protobalanus (Vinther et al., 2012).
Siphogonuchites multa: Interpreted as aragonitic (Bengtson, 1992).
Yilingia spiciformis: Presumably non-mineralized, on account on the absence of equivalent features in the shelly fossil record.

[173] Cuticle or organic matrix

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 3 to tree score (2 with Fitch)1 additional region (not counted by Fitch)An optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[2]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[2]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[1]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[-]Flustra[-]Amathia[-]Serpula[-]Capitella[-]Canadia spinosa[-]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[-]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[2]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[2]Mytilus[-]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[-]Wirenia[-]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[?]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 173: Sclerites: Composition: Cuticle or organic matrix

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

Williams et al. (1996) identify glycoprotein-based organic scaffolds as distinct from those comprising glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), chitin and collagen. This character can only be scored for extant taxa.

Haliotis: “The organic matrix [..] is a mixture of proteins, glycoproteins, lipids, chitin and acidic polysaccharides” (Auzoux-Bordenave et al., 2010) – no GAGs or collagen.
Lingula: Coded as GAGs, chitin and collagen in lingulids by Williams et al (1996).
Mytilus: Glycolytic domain containing proteins were observed (=glycoproteins?), whereas GAGs were not (Gao et al., 2015).
Novocrania: Coded as glycoprotein for craniids by Williams et al (1996).
Pelagodiscus atlanticus: Coded as GAGs, chitin and collagen in discinids by Williams et al (1996).
Phoronis: “The presence of sulphated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the chitinous cuticle of Phoronis (Herrmann, 1997, p. 215) would suggest a link with linguliforms, as GAGs are unknown in rhynchonelliform shells (Fig. 1891, 1896)” – Williams et al. 2007, p. 2830.
Terebratulina: Coded as glycoprotein for terebratulids by Williams et al (1996).

[174] Incorporation of sedimentary particles

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[0]Eccentrotheca[0]Cotyledion tylodes[0]Orthrozanclus[0]Halkieria evangelista[0]Pedunculotheca diania[0]Haplophrentis carinatus[0]Mickwitzia muralensis[0]Heliomedusa orienta[0]Micromitra[0]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[0]Orthis[1]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[0]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[0]Micrina[0]Paterimitra[1]Phoronis[0]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[0]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[0]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[0]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[0]Pelagiella[0]Kulindroplax perissokomos[0]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[0]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[0]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[0]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[0]Calvapilosa kroegeri[0]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[0]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 174: Sclerites: Composition: Incorporation of sedimentary particles

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Phoronids and Yuganotheca aggulutinate particles into their sclerites.

[175] Microstructure: Number of distinct layers

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 6 to tree score1 additional regionAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[1]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[1]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[2]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[3]Micromitra[2]Gasconsia[2]Terebratulina[2]Orthis[-]Yuganotheca elegans[2]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[2]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[2]Novocrania[2]Micrina[2]Paterimitra[-]Phoronis[3]Namacalathus[-]Flustra[-]Amathia[-]Serpula[-]Capitella[-]Canadia spinosa[-]Sipunculus[-]Wiwaxia corrugata[-]Odontogriphus omalus[2]Neopilina[2]Conocardium elongatum[4]Haliotis[1]Pojetaia runnegari[4]Mytilus[-]Dentalium[4]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[-]Wirenia[-]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[4]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[4]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[1]Dailyatia[-]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 175: Sclerites: Composition: Microstructure: Number of distinct layers

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

Hyolith conchs comprise two mineralized layers of fibrous bundles. Bundles are measure 5–15 μm across; their constituent fibres are each 0.1–1.0 μm wide. In the inner layer, the fibres are transverse; in the outer layer, the bundles are inclined towards the umbo, becoming longitudinal on the outermost margin.

Coded as non-additive as there is no clear necessity to add layers sequentially: for example, three layers could arise by the addition of a void within a single pre-existing layer.

Stratiform laminae, shell-penetrating canals and other features above the scale of crystal organization are not considered as contributing to the mineralogical microstructure and are coded separately.

Inapplicable in taxa with a non-mineralized shell.

Conocardium elongatum: Two layers are microstructrually differentiated; the ‘inner’ layer is considered a sub-layer of the ‘middle’ layer (Rogalla et al., 2003).
Haliotis: (In juveniles): tablets plus inner and outer prismatic layers (Auzoux-Bordenave et al., 2010).
Halkieria evangelista: Single layer of fibrous aragonite (Porter, 2008).
Leptochiton: Peebles, Smith, & Spencer (2017).
Mickwitzia muralensis: “the shell structure of Mickwitzia […] is closely similar to the columnar shell of linguliform acrotretoid brachiopods as well as to the linguloid Lingulellotreta, in that it has slender columns in the laminar succession” – Williams et al. 2007.
Micrina: Identical to Mickwitzia and more derived linguliforms (Holmer et al 2011).
Mytilus: Aragonitic nacre, fibrous calcite prisms, and myostracum (Gao et al., 2015).
Namacalathus: Namacalathus exhibits three layers, none of which have any obvious correspondence with those of brachiopods.
Neopilina: “Shell layers consisting of a thin periostracum, a dominant prismatic layer, and a thin internal nacreous layer” (McLean, 1979)
“Spherulitic aragonitic prisms beneath the organic periostracum” (Runnegar, 1985).
Pelagiella: At least three microstructures are evident, although it is not quite apparent whether these occur in separate layers or separate regions of the shell (Li et al., 2017).
Tonicella: From periostracum inwards, Chiton bears three microstructural layers: fine-grained, nacreous, and regular crossed lamellar.

[176] Microstructure: Format

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 5 to tree score (4 with Fitch)1 additional region (not counted by Fitch)An optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[1]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[2]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[1]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[1]Micromitra[1]Gasconsia[2]Terebratulina[2]Orthis[-]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[1]Micrina[1]Paterimitra[-]Phoronis[1]Namacalathus[-]Flustra[-]Amathia[-]Serpula[-]Capitella[-]Canadia spinosa[-]Sipunculus[-]Wiwaxia corrugata[-]Odontogriphus omalus[34]Neopilina[34]Conocardium elongatum[4]Haliotis[4]Pojetaia runnegari[34]Mytilus[-]Dentalium[12]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[-]Wirenia[-]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[3]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[34]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[1]Dailyatia[-]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 176: Sclerites: Composition: Microstructure: Format

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

Hyolith conchs comprise two mineralized layers of fibrous bundles. Bundles measure 5–15 μm across; their constituent fibres are each 0.1–1.0 μm wide. In the inner layer, the fibres are transverse; in the outer layer, the bundles are inclined towards the umbo, becoming longitudinal on the outermost margin.

Stratiform laminae, shell-penetrating canals and other features above the scale of crystal organization are not considered as contributing to the mineralogical microstructure and are coded separately.

The pervasive (not just superficial) polygonal structures in Paterimitra are distinct, and characterize Askepasma, Salanygolina, Eccentrotheca and Paterimitra (Larsson et al. 2014)

Williams et al. (2000) identify cross-bladed laminae as diagnostic of Strophomenata, with the exception of some older groups that contain fibres or laminar laths.

Conocardium elongatum: Spherulitic prisms are present in the outer layer of Apotocardium; crossed lamellae or prisms in the inner (Rogalla et al., 2003).
Eccentrotheca, Paterimitra: Laminated (Balthasar et al., 2009).
Gasconsia: Laminated relict shell structure visible, indicating original constitution from “sheet-like laminae” (???).
Haliotis: (prismatic) (Auzoux-Bordenave et al., 2010).
Leptochiton: Crossed lamellar sandwiching spherulitic (Peebles et al., 2017).
Lingula: Lingulid laminae are thicker than those of tommotiids or paterinids, but construed as homologous (Balthasar et al., 2009).
Mickwitzia muralensis: Alternation of layers (Balthasar, 2004).
Micrina: Micrina exhibits polygonal imprints on the internal surfaces of successive second-order laminae, suggesting the existence of a polygonal organization of these layers (Balthasar et al., 2009).
Micromitra: Lamination present, with no imprints of presumed mantle cells (following ???, appendix 2).
Namacalathus: The inner and outer layer are foliated. The columnar inflections lack canals, and as such we do not consider them to bear any obvious homology with the hollow pillars of tommotiids and certain brachiopods, their superficial similarity to strophomenid pseudopunctae notwithstanding.
Neopilina: “Shell layers consisting of a thin periostracum, a dominant prismatic layer, and a thin internal nacreous layer” (McLean, 1979).
Novocrania: Laminar secondary layer (Parkinson, Curry, Cusack, & Fallick, 2005).
Orthis: Orithidina have impunctate shells with a fibrous secondary layer (Williams et al. 2000, p. 724).
Pojetaia runnegari: Spherulitic aragonitic prisms (Runnegar & Bentley, 1983).
Terebratulina: Parkinson et al. (2005).

4.17 Sclerites: Structure

[177] Stratiform lamellae expressed at surface

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[2]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[-]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[1]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[1]Micromitra[1]Gasconsia[-]Terebratulina[-]Orthis[-]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[2]Micrina[2]Paterimitra[-]Phoronis[1]Namacalathus[-]Flustra[-]Amathia[-]Serpula[-]Capitella[-]Canadia spinosa[-]Sipunculus[-]Wiwaxia corrugata[-]Odontogriphus omalus[-]Neopilina[-]Conocardium elongatum[-]Haliotis[-]Pojetaia runnegari[-]Mytilus[-]Dentalium[-]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[-]Wirenia[-]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[-]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[-]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[2]Dailyatia[-]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 177: Sclerites: Structure: Stratiform lamellae expressed at surface

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

In tommotiids, the shell simply comprises a stack of stratiform lamellae, each corresponding to a circumferential rib at the shell surface. This is particularly apparent in Dailyatia (???) and Paterimitra (???).

Dailyatia: Each lamina corresponds to a ridge on the surface (???).
Novocrania: Parkinson et al. (2005).
Paterimitra: Particularly apparent (???).
Pelagodiscus atlanticus: (???).

[178] Stratiform laminae separated

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[1]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[-]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[1]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[1]Gasconsia[-]Terebratulina[-]Orthis[-]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[2]Micrina[2]Paterimitra[-]Phoronis[1]Namacalathus[-]Flustra[-]Amathia[-]Serpula[-]Capitella[-]Canadia spinosa[-]Sipunculus[-]Wiwaxia corrugata[-]Odontogriphus omalus[-]Neopilina[-]Conocardium elongatum[-]Haliotis[-]Pojetaia runnegari[-]Mytilus[-]Dentalium[-]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[-]Wirenia[-]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[-]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[-]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[1]Dailyatia[-]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 178: Sclerites: Structure: Stratiform laminae separated

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

Laminae within, for example, Salanygolina are separated by voids that may originally have contained organic material (e.g. ???). In contrast, tommotiids and paterinids exhibit stratification without voids, perhaps representing periodic fluctuations in phosphate availability (Balthasar et al., 2009).

Dailyatia: Contiguous (???).
Eccentrotheca: Contiguous (Balthasar et al., 2009).
Gasconsia: (???).
Mickwitzia muralensis: (Balthasar, 2004).
Micrina: Matrix filled chambers (Balthasar et al., 2009, fig. DR1).
Novocrania: Not in Novocrania, though possibly present in Neoancistrocrania (Parkinson et al., 2005).
Paterimitra: Contiguous in some regions, but large internal cavities present [Balthasar et al. (2009); see fig. DR3].
Pelagodiscus atlanticus: (???).

[179] Stratiform laminae with polygonal ornament

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[2]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[-]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[1]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[1]Micromitra[1]Gasconsia[-]Terebratulina[-]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[12]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[2]Micrina[2]Paterimitra[-]Phoronis[1]Namacalathus[-]Flustra[-]Amathia[-]Serpula[-]Capitella[-]Canadia spinosa[-]Sipunculus[-]Wiwaxia corrugata[-]Odontogriphus omalus[-]Neopilina[-]Conocardium elongatum[-]Haliotis[-]Pojetaia runnegari[-]Mytilus[-]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[-]Wirenia[-]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[-]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[-]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[1]Dailyatia[-]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 179: Sclerites: Structure: Stratiform laminae with polygonal ornament

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

See character 37 in (???).
“A distinct primary layer […] is characterized by a polygonal ornament that is mineralized from the polygon walls inward, while the rest of the shell and/or sclerite is secreted by basal accretion” – Balthasar et al. (2009). Distinguished from epithelial cell moulds in lingulids, which do not form an integral part of the shell structure (Balthasar et al., 2009).
Treated as transformational as ancestral condition is ambiguous.

Dailyatia: Polygonal structures on external surface of sclerites only (???); not reported from other camenellans (Balthasar et al., 2009).
Eccentrotheca, Paterimitra: Present (Balthasar et al., 2009).
Gasconsia: (???).
Lingula: Absent in Lingula, though potentially equivalent, if superficial (Balthasar et al., 2009), features adorn Lingulella (Curry & Williams, 1983).
Micrina: Micrina exhibits polygonal imprints on the internal surfaces of successive second-order laminae, suggesting the existence of a polygonal organization of these layers (Balthasar et al., 2009).
Micromitra: Lamination present, with no imprints of presumed mantle cells (following ???, appendix 2).
Novocrania: Parkinson et al. (2005).
Pelagodiscus atlanticus: (???).

[180] Canals

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 4 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[0]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[0]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[1]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[0]Micromitra[0]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[0]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[1]Micrina[0]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[1]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[0]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[0]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[0]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[0]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[0]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[0]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 180: Sclerites: Structure: Canals

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

A caniculate microstructure occurs in lingulids; canals are narrower (< 1 μm) than punctae, may branch, and do not fully penetrate the shell, terminating just within the boundaries of a microstructural layer. See Williams 1997, p303ff, and Balthasar 2008, p273, for discussion.

Tubules described in hyoliths by Kouchinsky (2000) measure around 10 μm in diameter, making them an order of magnitude wider than lingulid canals.

This said, Balthasar (2008) considers the rod-like tubules within the columnar shell microstructure of Mickwitzia cf. occidens (1–3 μm wide, Skovsted & Holmer 2003), acrotretides (1 μm wide, see Holmer 1989, Zhang et al. 2016) and lingulellotretids (100 nm wide, Cusack et al 1999) as equivalent to lingulid canals.

Micrina exhibits both punctae and canals (Harper et al. 2017), challenging Carlson’s contention (in Williams et al. 2007) that the structures are potentially homologous as shell perforations.

Halkieria evangelista: The chambers in halkieriid sclerites do not correspond in morphology or dimension to the brachiopod-like canals documented by this character.
Mickwitzia muralensis: Coded as present to reflect similarity of columnar microstructure remarked on by, among others, Balthasar (2008); Williams et al. (2007); Skovsted & Holmer (2003).

Micrina: Acrotretid laminae bear characteristic columns (e.g. Zhang et al. 2016); a similar fabric has been reported, and assumed homologous, in Micrina (Butler et al. 2012).

A similar columnar shell microstructure also occurs in the closely related Mickwitzia (Balthasar 2008).
Mytilus: Gao et al. (2015).
Namacalathus: Canal-like structures have been reported in Namacalathus (Zhuravlev et al. 2015), and interpreted as evidence for a Lophophorate affinity. Though the structures are not necessarily directly equivalent, the hypothesis of homology is followed here.
Neopilina: McLean (1979).
Tonicella: Aesthete canals do not fall within the definition of this character.

[181] Punctae

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 5 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[0]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[0]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[1]Mickwitzia muralensis[1]Heliomedusa orienta[0]Micromitra[0]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[0]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[0]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[1]Micrina[0]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[0]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[0]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[0]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[0]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[0]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[0]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[0]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 181: Sclerites: Structure: Punctae

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Punctae are 10–20 μm wide canals created by multicellular extensions of the outer epithelium. They penetrate the full depth of the shell.

Balthasar (2008) writes:

“Vertical shell penetrating structures, such as punctae, pseudopunctae, extropunctae and canals, are common in many groups of brachiopods and are distinguished based on their geometry and size (Williams 1997). Punctae are 10–20 μm wide and represent multicellular extensions of the outer epithelium (Owen and Williams 1969). Pseudopunctae and extropunctae are similar in diameter but, instead of canals, are vertical stacks of conical deflections of individual shell layers (Williams and Brunton 1993). None of these three types of vertical shell structure, all of which are confined to calcitic-shelled brachiopods, compares with the much smaller canals (< 1 μm in diameter) of M. nuda. The only type of vertical structure that fits the size and nature of the canals of the Mural obolellids are the canals of linguliform brachiopods, which range in width from 180 to 740 nm and are occupied by proteinaceous strands in extant taxa (Williams et al. 1992; Williams et al. 1994; Williams et al. 1997). In contrast to obolellid canals, however, linguliform canals are not known to penetrate the entire shell but terminate in organic-rich layers (Williams 1997). Based on these considerations it would, therefore, be misleading to call obolellid shells punctate (they are as much”punctate" as acrotretids or other linguliforms); rather their shell structure should be called canaliculate (Williams 1997)."

Haplophrentis carinatus: The tubules within the centre of the bundles of hyolith shells (Kouchinsky 2000) are c. 10 μm wide, making them an order of magnitude larger than the canals that characterize lingulid valves, and a similar scale to punctae. This said, they have only been reported in a putative allathecid, so the presence of equivalent structures in hyolithids has never been demonstrated.
Heliomedusa orienta: ‘Identical’ to those in Mickwitzia – see Williams et al. 2007.
Mickwitzia muralensis: Coded as present to reflect that the chambers contained setae; following Carlson in Williams et al. 2007, the punctae may or may not be homologous as punctae, but are likely homologous as shell perforations; both these perforations and those of Micrina were associated with setae, even if their equivalence bay be with juvenile vs adult setal structures in modern brachiopods (Balthasar 2004, p. 397).
Mytilus: Gao et al. (2015).
Neopilina: McLean (1979).
Terebratulina: Endopunctae are relatively large canals, diameter vary greatly from 5–20 μm.

[182] Pseudopunctae

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 0 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[0]Eccentrotheca[0]Cotyledion tylodes[0]Orthrozanclus[0]Halkieria evangelista[0]Pedunculotheca diania[0]Haplophrentis carinatus[0]Mickwitzia muralensis[0]Heliomedusa orienta[0]Micromitra[0]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[0]Orthis[0]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[0]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[0]Micrina[0]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[0]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[0]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[0]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[0]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[0]Pelagiella[0]Kulindroplax perissokomos[0]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[0]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[0]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[0]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[0]Calvapilosa kroegeri[0]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[0]Dailyatia[0]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 182: Sclerites: Structure: Pseudopunctae

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Pseudopunctae are not punctae, but deflections of shell laminae. They characterise Strophomenata in particular.

Mytilus: Gao et al. (2015).
Neopilina: McLean (1979).
Orthis: Scored absent (in Eoorthis) in data matrix of Benedetto (2009).

[183] External polygonal ornament

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[0]Eccentrotheca[0]Cotyledion tylodes[0]Orthrozanclus[0]Halkieria evangelista[0]Pedunculotheca diania[0]Haplophrentis carinatus[0]Mickwitzia muralensis[0]Heliomedusa orienta[0]Micromitra[0]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[0]Orthis[0]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[0]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[0]Micrina[0]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[0]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[0]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[0]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[0]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[0]Pelagiella[0]Kulindroplax perissokomos[0]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[0]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[0]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[0]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[0]Calvapilosa kroegeri[0]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[1]Dailyatia[0]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 183: Sclerites: Structure: External polygonal ornament

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Regular polygonal compartments, around 10 μm in diameter, characterise Paterimitra. Walls between compartments have the cross-section of an anvil. An external polygonal structure (possible imprints of epithelial tissue) occurs in Dailyatia, but it is a surface pattern, which is different from the polygonal prisms in the body wall of other paterinid-like groups.

Mytilus: Gao et al. (2015).
Neopilina: McLean (1979).

[184] Aesthete canals

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[0]Orthrozanclus[0]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[0]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[0]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[0]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[0]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[0]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[0]Pelagiella[0]Kulindroplax perissokomos[0]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[0]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[1]Polysacos vickersianum[1]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[1]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[0]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 184: Sclerites: Structure: Aesthete canals

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Following character 20 of Vinther et al. (2017).

Calvapilosa kroegeri: Per Vinther et al. (2017).
Halkieria evangelista: Absent in primary valves; no evidence in accessory sclerites in this taxon.
Mytilus: Gao et al. (2015).
Polysacos vickersianum: Present in spines only.
Siphogonuchites multa: Coded present by Vinther et al. (2017), who cite Bengtson (1992).
The incorporated sclerites conceivably correspond to aesthete precursors, but this cannot be decisively established: so coded as ambiguous.

[185] Aesthete canals: Orientation

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 0 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[-]Orthrozanclus[-]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[-]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[-]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[-]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[-]Novocrania[?]Micrina[-]Paterimitra[-]Phoronis[-]Namacalathus[-]Flustra[-]Amathia[-]Serpula[-]Capitella[-]Canadia spinosa[-]Sipunculus[-]Wiwaxia corrugata[-]Odontogriphus omalus[-]Neopilina[-]Conocardium elongatum[-]Haliotis[-]Pojetaia runnegari[-]Mytilus[-]Dentalium[-]Pelagiella[-]Kulindroplax perissokomos[-]Acaenoplax hayae[-]Wirenia[-]Chaetoderma[-]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[2]Tonicella[2]Mopalia[2]Polysacos vickersianum[2]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[2]Calvapilosa kroegeri[-1]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[-]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 185: Sclerites: Structure: Aesthete canals: Orientation

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

Following Hoare (2009).

Calvapilosa kroegeri: Seemingly parallel to valve surface (Vinther et al., 2017).
Polysacos vickersianum: Following Diadeloplax; see Vendrasco et al. (2004).
Siphogonuchites multa: If the spines correspond to aesthetes, they are perpendicular to the valve surface. Inapplicable otherwise.

[186] Aesthete canals: Size variation

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[-]Orthrozanclus[-]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[-]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[-]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[-]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[-]Novocrania[?]Micrina[-]Paterimitra[-]Phoronis[-]Namacalathus[-]Flustra[-]Amathia[-]Serpula[-]Capitella[-]Canadia spinosa[-]Sipunculus[-]Wiwaxia corrugata[-]Odontogriphus omalus[-]Neopilina[-]Conocardium elongatum[-]Haliotis[-]Pojetaia runnegari[-]Mytilus[-]Dentalium[-]Pelagiella[-]Kulindroplax perissokomos[-]Acaenoplax hayae[-]Wirenia[-]Chaetoderma[-]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[2]Mopalia[1]Polysacos vickersianum[2]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[1]Calvapilosa kroegeri[-2]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[-]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 186: Sclerites: Structure: Aesthete canals: Size variation

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

Following Vendrasco & Runnegar (2004).

Calvapilosa kroegeri: No variation in size evident (Vinther et al., 2017).
Mopalia: Non-uniform width (Vendrasco, Fernandez, Eernisse, & Runnegar, 2008).
Tonicella: Consistently uniform (Vendrasco et al., 2008).

[187] Aesthete canals: Megalaesthete bulbs

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[-]Orthrozanclus[-]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[-]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[-]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[-]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[-]Novocrania[?]Micrina[-]Paterimitra[-]Phoronis[-]Namacalathus[-]Flustra[-]Amathia[-]Serpula[-]Capitella[-]Canadia spinosa[-]Sipunculus[-]Wiwaxia corrugata[-]Odontogriphus omalus[-]Neopilina[-]Conocardium elongatum[-]Haliotis[-]Pojetaia runnegari[-]Mytilus[-]Dentalium[-]Pelagiella[-]Kulindroplax perissokomos[-]Acaenoplax hayae[-]Wirenia[-]Chaetoderma[-]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[2]Polysacos vickersianum[2]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[-1]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[-]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 187: Sclerites: Structure: Aesthete canals: Megalaesthete bulbs

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

Megalaesthetes are the large aesthete canals from which smaller chambers emerge. Character ‘lin’ in Vendrasco et al. (2008).

[188] Subapical tunnels

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 0 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[0]Eccentrotheca[0]Cotyledion tylodes[0]Orthrozanclus[0]Halkieria evangelista[0]Pedunculotheca diania[0]Haplophrentis carinatus[0]Mickwitzia muralensis[0]Heliomedusa orienta[0]Micromitra[0]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[0]Orthis[0]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[0]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[0]Micrina[0]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[0]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[0]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[0]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[0]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[0]Pelagiella[0]Kulindroplax perissokomos[0]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[0]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[0]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[0]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[0]Calvapilosa kroegeri[0]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[0]Dailyatia[0]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 188: Sclerites: Structure: Subapical tunnels

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Character 23 in Vinther et al. (2017). Distinct from the umbonal perforation observed in some ventral valves on account of their subapical position. Also termed ‘lacunae’.

[189] Articulamentum

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[0]Orthrozanclus[0]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[0]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[0]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[0]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[0]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[0]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[0]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[0]Pelagiella[0]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[0]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[1]Polysacos vickersianum[1]Leptochiton[1]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[0]Calvapilosa kroegeri[0]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[0]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 189: Sclerites: Structure: Articulamentum

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Character 30 in Vinther et al. (2017). The articulamentum is a secondary layer of shell present in polyplacophorans.

Calvapilosa kroegeri: Coded as absent by Vinther et al. (2017).
Glaphurochiton carbonarius, Polysacos vickersianum: Following Vinther et al. (2017).
Kulindroplax perissokomos: Sutton et al. (2012).
Phthipodochiton thraivensis: Absent (Sutton & Sigwart, 2012).

4.18 Gametes

[190] Gonocoel

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[1]Serpula[1]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[1]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[1]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[1]Mytilus[1]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[1]Wirenia[1]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[1]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 190: Gametes: Gonocoel

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Character 27 in Haszprunar (1996).

[191] Gonad position

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 3 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[2]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[2]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[2]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[2]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[2]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[?]Flustra[?]Amathia[2]Serpula[2]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[?]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[2]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[1]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[1]Mytilus[1]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[1]Wirenia[1]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[1]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[1]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 191: Gametes: Gonad position

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

Character 32 in Haszprunar (2000).

[192] Ovary wall saccular

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[1]Serpula[1]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[1]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 192: Gametes: Ovary wall saccular

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

After character 31 in Haszprunar (1996).

[193] Testis wall saccular

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[1]Serpula[1]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[1]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 193: Gametes: Testis wall saccular

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

After character 31 in Haszprunar (1996).

[194] Asexual reproduction

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[0]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[0]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[1]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[1]Flustra[1]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[0]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[1]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 194: Gametes: Asexual reproduction

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

After character 30 in Haszprunar (1996).

Namacalathus: Budding well documented (e.g. ???).

[195] Sexes

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 3 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[2]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[2]Flustra[2]Amathia[1]Serpula[1]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[1]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[1]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[1]Mytilus[1]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[2]Wirenia[1]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[1]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[2]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 195: Gametes: Sexes

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

After characters 1.61 and 2.54 in von Salvini-Plawen & Steiner (1996).

Amathia: Hermaphroditic (Reed, 1988).

[196] Fertilization

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 5 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[2]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[2]Flustra[2]Amathia[1]Serpula[2]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[1]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[2]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[1]Mytilus[1]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[2]Wirenia[1]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[1]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[2]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 196: Gametes: Fertilization

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

After character 62 in Haszprunar (2000).

Amathia: Brood pouches in abandoned lophophore.

4.19 Gametes: Egg

[197] Size

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 5 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[2]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[2]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[1]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[2]Flustra[2]Amathia[1]Serpula[2]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[2]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[2]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[2]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[1]Mytilus[2]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[2]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[1]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 197: Gametes: Egg: Size

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

Following Carlson (1995), character 7. This character is only possible to code in extant taxa. It is not considered independent of Carlson’s character 11, number of gametes released per spawning, as it is possible to produce more small eggs than large eggs – thus this latter character is not reproduced in the present study. The same goes for Carlson’s character 12, gamete dispersal mode; brooders will tend to brood large eggs.

Amathia: “Mature eggs commonly measure about 200 μm in diameter” (Franzén, 1977); the larva is a similar size (Reed & Cloney, 1982).
Capitella: >200 μm in most species (though 50 μm in some) (Eckelbarger & Grassle, 1983).
Dentalium: Egg size can vary from 60–200 μm in scaphopods, but in Dentalium the eggs are large (Dufresne-Dube, Picheral, & Guerrier, 1983).
Flustra: “Mature eggs commonly measure about 200 μm in diameter” – Franzén (1977).
Haliotis: Up to 200 μm long when fully developed (Martin, Romero, & Miller-Walker, 1983).
Novocrania, Lingula, Pelagodiscus atlanticus, Terebratulina: Following coding for class in Carlson (1995) appendix 1, character 7.
Loxosomella: Tiny (Nielsen, 1966).
Mytilus: c. 30 μm (Humphreys, 1962).
Neopilina: “Usually the mature eggs have an oblong cell body 220–320 μm long and 130–190 μm broad.” (Lemche & Wingstrand, 1959).
Phoronis: Phoronis has planktotrophic larvae. indicating a small egg size (Ruppert et al. 2004). Carlson (1995) codes phoronids as polymorphic, as some members of the phylum have eggs of each size.
Serpula: c. 50 μm in Hydroides (Miles, Hadfield, & Wayne, 2007).
Sipunculus: c. 200 μm in diameter (Rice, 1988).
Tonicella: Buckland‐Nicks, Koss, & Chia (1988).

[198] Protective membrane

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[1]Serpula[1]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[?]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[1]Wirenia[1]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[1]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 198: Gametes: Egg: Protective membrane

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

After character 4.69 in von Salvini-Plawen & Steiner (1996).

Flustra, Amathia: “Eggs have a loose consistency and are capable of changing form” (Franzén, 1977).
Capitella: Eckelbarger & Grassle (1983).
Haliotis: Surrounded by external gelatinous envelope, whose homology to the protective membrane of other taxa is uncertain – hence coded ambiguous.
Phoronis: Eggs “are surrounded by a delicate fertilization membrane” (Pennerstorfer & Scholtz, 2012).

[199] Site of maturation

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 4 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[2]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[2]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[1]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[3]Flustra[3]Amathia[?]Serpula[1]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[?]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[4]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[4]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[4]Mytilus[?]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[?]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[?]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 199: Gametes: Egg: Site of maturation

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

After Carlson (1995), character 9. Only possible to code in extant taxa.

Flustra, Amathia: Ovicell (Franzén, 1977).
Capitella: “Most ultrastructural features of the eggs in the lateral region of the ovary are indistinguishable from those floating freely in the coelom, although the egg envelopes […] undergo additional differentiation following ovulation […] there is no indication that further maturation occurs before spawning” (Eckelbarger & Grassle, 1983).
Haliotis: Compartments of the ovary wall (Martin et al., 1983).
Novocrania, Lingula, Pelagodiscus atlanticus, Terebratulina: Following Hodgson & Reunov (1994).
Mytilus: Mature eggs within the ovary (Humphreys, 1962).
Neopilina: Lemche & Wingstrand (1959).
Phoronis: Following coding for class in Carlson (1995) Appendix 1, character 9.

[200] Nucleus: Aspect

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 6 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[1]Flustra[1]Amathia[0]Serpula[1]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[1]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[1]Mytilus[1]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[1]Wirenia[1]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[1]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 200: Gametes: Spermatozoa: Nucleus: Aspect

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

After character 41 in Ponder & Lindberg (1997).

Flustra, Amathia: Elongate (Franzén, 1981).
Capitella: Eckelbarger & Grassle (1987).
Dentalium: Elongate nucleus, 4–6 times longer than wide (Dufresne-Dube et al., 1983).
Haliotis: At least three times longer than wide in the gastropods figured in Healy, Schaefer, & Haszprunar (1995).
Loxosomella: Elongate in Loxosoma (Franzén, 2000).
Mytilus: Around five times longer than wide in Nucula (Healy et al., 1995).
Neopilina: Only a little longer than wide in Laevipilina (Healy et al., 1995).
Serpula: Gherardi et al. (2011).
Tonicella: Profoundly elongated nucleus (Buckland‐Nicks et al., 1988).

4.20 Gametes: Spermatozoa

[201] Nucleus: Shape

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[2]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[2]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[?]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[2]Flustra[?]Amathia[?]Serpula[2]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[?]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[2]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[2]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[2]Mytilus[2]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[2]Wirenia[2]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[1]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[2]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 201: Gametes: Spermatozoa: Nucleus: Shape

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

Most spermatozoa have nuclei with an invagination; see character 50 in Ponder & Lindberg (1997).

Capitella: Eckelbarger & Grassle (1987).
Dentalium: Healy et al. (1995).
Haliotis: Following gastropods illustrated in Healy et al. (1995).
Neopilina: Following Laevipilina (Healy et al., 1995).
Tonicella: Buckland‐Nicks et al. (1988).

[202] Nucleus: Nuclear filament

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[?]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[?]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[?]Amathia[?]Serpula[0]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[?]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[?]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[?]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 202: Gametes: Spermatozoa: Nucleus: Nuclear filament

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

A nuclear filament is an anterior extension of the nucleus that terminates at the acrosome, present in lepidopleurid chitons (Buckland-Nicks, 2008, character 6).

Capitella: Eckelbarger & Grassle (1987).
Wirenia, Chaetoderma: Buckland-Nicks (2008).
Haliotis: Lewis, Leighton, & Vacquier (1980).
Leptochiton: Absent (Buckland-Nicks, 2008, fig. 2A).
Mopalia: Prominent (Buckland-Nicks, 2008, fig. 3D).
Mytilus: Niijima (1965).
Tonicella: Present (Buckland-Nicks, 2008).

[203] Anterior nuclear fossa

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 6 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[1]Flustra[1]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[1]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[1]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[1]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 203: Gametes: Spermatozoa: Anterior nuclear fossa

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

After character 160 in Giribet & Wheeler (2002). A fossa (latin: ditch) is a dent or impression.

Flustra, Amathia: Present (in Tubulipora; Franzén, 1984).
Dentalium: Dufresne-Dube et al. (1983).
Haliotis: Lewis et al. (1980).
Loxosomella: Present in Loxosoma (Franzén, 2000).
Mytilus: Deep “tubular passage through centre of nucleus” (Niijima, 1965).
Neopilina: Following Laevipilina in Healy et al. (1995).
Pelagodiscus atlanticus: Present in Discinisca tenuis (Hodgson & Reunov, 1994).
Phoronis: Nucleus “almost round” (???).
Serpula: Absent: subacrosomal space does not impinge on nuclear envelope (Gherardi et al., 2011).
Sipunculus: Prominent in Phascolion (Rice, 1993).
Terebratulina: No anterior invagination (???).
Tonicella: Buckland‐Nicks et al. (1988).

[204] Acrosome

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[1]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[1]Flustra[?]Amathia[1]Serpula[1]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[1]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[1]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[1]Mytilus[1]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[1]Wirenia[1]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[1]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 204: Gametes: Spermatozoa: Acrosome

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Sometimes fully termed the Acrosome vesicle.

Wirenia, Chaetoderma, Mopalia, Tonicella, Leptochiton: Buckland-Nicks (2008), character 1.

[205] Acrosome: Shape

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 7 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[3]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[2]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[2]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[4]Flustra[4]Amathia[3]Serpula[4]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[3]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[4]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[4]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[4]Mytilus[4]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[4]Wirenia[5]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[5]Tonicella[5]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[4]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[4]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 205: Gametes: Spermatozoa: Acrosome: Shape

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

Flustra, Amathia: Conical (in Tubulipora; Franzén, 1984).
Capitella: Eckelbarger & Grassle (1987).
Chaetoderma, Mopalia, Tonicella: Vesicular (Buckland-Nicks, 2008, character 2).
Dentalium: Low conical aspect (Dufresne-Dube et al., 1983).
Haliotis: Conical in gastropods (Healy et al., 1995).
Leptochiton: Conical (Buckland-Nicks, 2008, character 2).
Lingula: Pear-shaped (Fukumoto 2003).
Loxosomella: Conical/cylindrical acrosome-like extension in Loxosoma (Franzén, 2000).
Mytilus: Conical in Nucula (Healy et al., 1995).
Neopilina: Conical in Laevipilina (Healy et al., 1995).
Novocrania: Needle-shaped (Afzelius & Ferraguti, 1978).
Pelagodiscus atlanticus: Pear-shaped (Hodgson & Reunov, 1994).
Phoronis: Needle-shaped (Reunov & Klepal, 2004).
Serpula: Gherardi et al. (2011).
Sipunculus: A peaked disc in Phascolion (Rice, 1993).
Terebratulina: Disc-shaped (in Kraussina) (Hodgson & Reunov, 1994).
Wirenia: Conical (in Epimenia; Buckland-Nicks, 2008, character 2).

[206] Acrosome: Differentiated internally

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 7 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[1]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[1]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[1]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[1]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 206: Gametes: Spermatozoa: Acrosome: Differentiated internally

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Hodgson & Reunov 1994 describe the Discinisca acrosome as having “an electron-lucent centre and an electron-dense outer region”, and state that this trait is characteristic of inarticulate brachiopods. The interstitial granule of certain polyplacophorans represents a separate mode of acrosome differentiation. The subacrosomal granule and subacrosomal basal plate are treated separately, and are not considered to represent internal differentiation.

Flustra, Amathia: No evidence of internal differentiation (in Tubulipora; Franzén, 1984).
Capitella: Electron dense rings the the acrosome vesicle (Eckelbarger & Grassle, 1987).
Chaetoderma: Not differentiated, following character 2 of Buckland-Nicks (2008).
Dentalium: Differentiated membrane only (Dufresne-Dube et al., 1983).
Haliotis: “The large acrosome granule contains two distinct components: (1) an ovoid electron-dense body in the anterior apex of the granule […], and (2) a less dense, homogeneous material at the granule posterior.” (Lewis et al., 1980).
Leptochiton: The acrosome is a cone with subacrosomal granule and subacrosomal plate, but not interstital granule, following character 2 of Buckland-Nicks (2008).
Lingula: Clear differentiation of marginal area (Fukumoto 2003).
Loxosomella: Not evident in Loxosoma (Franzén, 2000).
Mopalia: The acrosome is a cone with subacrosomal granule, interstitial granule, and subacrosomal plate, following character 2 of Buckland-Nicks (2008).
Mytilus: Material lines acrosomal membrane (Niijima, 1965).
Neopilina: Not consistently differentiated in Laevipilina (Healy et al., 1995).
Novocrania: “Along the inner and outer margins there are periodically banded layers, and between them there is a less dense layer” – Afzelius & Ferraguti, 1978.
Pelagodiscus atlanticus: Following Discinisca tenuis, described in Hodgson & Reunov (1994).
Phoronis: Acrosome-like structure; no internal division or surrounding membrane, with possibility that much of the acrosome is secondarily lost (Reunov & Klepal 2004).
Serpula: Gherardi et al. (2011).
Sipunculus: No differentiation within acrosomal vesicle (Rice, 1993).
Terebratulina: Following Hodgson & Reunov (1994).
Tonicella: “One can distinguish two components in the acrosome, an apical and a basal granule” – Buckland‐Nicks et al. (1988).
Wirenia: In Epimenia, the acrosome is a cone with subacrosomal granule, interstitial granule, and subacrosomal plate, following character 2 of Buckland-Nicks (2008).

[207] Acrosome: Subacrosomal basal plate

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 3 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[?]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[?]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[?]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[?]Flustra[?]Amathia[?]Serpula[0]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[?]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[1]Mytilus[?]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[1]Wirenia[1]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[1]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[?]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 207: Gametes: Spermatozoa: Acrosome: Subacrosomal basal plate

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Character 41 in Ponder & Lindberg (1997).

Capitella: Eckelbarger & Grassle (1987).
Haliotis: Axial filament but not basal plate (Lewis et al., 1980).
Mytilus: Basal ring (Niijima, 1965).
Neopilina: Coded following Laevipilina (Healy et al., 1995).

[208] Acrosome: Subacrosomal basal plate: Basal granule

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[?]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[?]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[?]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[?]Flustra[?]Amathia[?]Serpula[0]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[?]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[?]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[1]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[1]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[?]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 208: Gametes: Spermatozoa: Acrosome: Subacrosomal basal plate: Basal granule

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

In certain taxa, the subacrosomal basal plate develops a subacrosomal granule (Buckland-Nicks, 2008).

[209] Mid-piece

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 3 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[1]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[1]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 209: Gametes: Spermatozoa: Mid-piece

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Following Hodgson & Reunov (1994).

Flustra, Amathia: Two mitochondrial derivatives in Flustra (Franzén, 1977, 1981); four in Tubulipora (Franzén, 1984).
Capitella: Single ring-shaped mitochondrion (Eckelbarger & Grassle, 1987).
Chaetoderma, Mopalia, Tonicella, Leptochiton: Buckland-Nicks (2008).
Dentalium: Dufresne-Dube et al. (1983).
Haliotis: Five mitochondria (Lewis et al., 1980).
Lingula, Terebratulina: Following Hodgson & Reunov (1994).
Loxosomella: “The midpiece consists of two long mitochondrial rods connected with each other by a thin mitochondrial lamella” (Franzén, 2000, in Loxosoma); these are essentially a single organelle surrounding a central rod of electron-dense material.
Mytilus: Five mitochondria (Niijima, 1965).
Neopilina: Five mitochondria in Laevipilina (Healy et al., 1995).
Novocrania: Four mitochondria (Afzelius & Ferraguti, 1978).
Pelagodiscus atlanticus: Following Discinisca tenuis, described in Hodgson & Reunov (1994).
Phoronis: The mitochondria fuse in the middle stage of spermiogenesis to become a pair of mitochondria (Reunov & Klepal 2004).
Serpula: Five mitochondria in ring (Gherardi et al., 2011).
Sipunculus: Ring of five mitochondria around the central centriole (Rice, 1993).

[210] Mid-piece: Mitochondrial location

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 5 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[?]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[?]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[1]Flustra[?]Amathia[?]Serpula[1]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[?]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[2]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[1]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[2]Mytilus[?]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[1]Wirenia[2]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[4]Tonicella[4]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[2]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[3]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 210: Gametes: Spermatozoa: Mid-piece: Mitochondrial location

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

Following character 3 in Buckland-Nicks (2008) and character 166 in Giribet & Wheeler (2002).

Capitella: Eckelbarger & Grassle (1987).
Haliotis: (Lewis et al., 1980).
Mytilus: Niijima (1965).
Neopilina: Coded following Laevipilina (Healy et al., 1995).
Tonicella: (Buckland-Nicks, 2008).

[211] Centrioles: Orientation

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 3 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[1]Flustra[1]Amathia[1]Serpula[0]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[?]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[?]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 211: Gametes: Spermatozoa: Centrioles: Orientation

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Following Hodgson & Reunov 1994.

Flustra, Amathia: (Franzén, 1981).
Capitella: At a 90° angle (Eckelbarger & Grassle, 1987).
Dentalium: Dufresne-Dube et al. (1983).
Haliotis: Orthogonal (Lewis et al., 1980).
Leptochiton: Buckland-Nicks (2008), fig. 1B.
Lingula, Terebratulina: Following Hodgson & Reunov (1994).
Mopalia: Buckland-Nicks (2008), fig. 1D.
Mytilus: Niijima (1965).
Neopilina: Coded following Laevipilina (Healy et al., 1995).
Novocrania: Two orthogonal centrioles (Afzelius & Ferraguti 1978).
Pelagodiscus atlanticus: Following Discinisca tenuis, described in Hodgson & Reunov (1994).
Phoronis: Only one centriole in spermatzoon (Reunov & Klepal 2004, p. 7), but centrioles are perpendicularly oriented in spermatogonia (ibid., p. 2).
Serpula: The proximal centriole is parallel to the flagellum (Gherardi et al., 2011).
Tonicella: Buckland‐Nicks et al. (1988).

[212] Centrioles: Fusion

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 4 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[1]Flustra[1]Amathia[?]Serpula[0]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[1]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 212: Gametes: Spermatozoa: Centrioles: Fusion

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Following character 9 in Buckland-Nicks (2008).

Sipunculus, Flustra, Amathia: Proximal centriole fused anterior to distal centriole.
Capitella: Eckelbarger & Grassle (1987).
Chaetoderma, Leptochiton: Separate centrioles (Buckland-Nicks, 2008).
Dentalium: Proximal centriole fused anterior to distal centriole (Dufresne-Dube et al., 1983).
Novocrania, Lingula, Phoronis, Loxosomella: Basal body in deep nuclear fossa.
Mopalia: Buckland-Nicks (2008).
Mytilus: Niijima (1965).
Neopilina: Coded following Laevipilina (Healy et al., 1995).
Tonicella: Proximal centriole fused lateral to distal centriole and offset (Buckland-Nicks, 2008).
Wirenia: Basal body in deep nuclear fossa (in Epimenia, Buckland-Nicks, 2008).

[213] Satellite fibre complex

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[?]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[1]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[1]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[1]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 213: Gametes: Spermatozoa: Satellite fibre complex

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Following M. R. Smith (2012a), after character 48 in Ponder & Lindberg (1997).

Haliotis: Ten anchors or “satellite bodies” surround the distal centriole, two attaching to each mitochondrion (Lewis et al., 1980).
Neopilina: Coded following Laevipilina (Healy et al., 1995).

[214] Mitochondria: Shape

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 5 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[?]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[2]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[2]Flustra[2]Amathia[1]Serpula[3]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[1]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[1]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[1]Mytilus[1]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[4]Wirenia[1]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[3]Tonicella[3]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[1]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[2]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 214: Gametes: Spermatozoa: Mitochondria: Shape

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

After character 5 in Buckland-Nicks (2008); see also character 43 in Ponder & Lindberg (1997).

Flustra, Amathia: Rods (Franzén, 1981).
Haliotis: (Lewis et al., 1980).
Loxosomella: Elongate rods in Loxosoma (Franzén, 2000).
Mytilus: Niijima (1965).
Neopilina: Coded following Laevipilina (Healy et al., 1995).
Tonicella: See Buckland‐Nicks et al. (1988).

[215] Mitochondria: Cristae: Configuration

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[?]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[1]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 215: Gametes: Spermatozoa: Mitochondria: Cristae: Configuration

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

After character 44 in Ponder & Lindberg (1997). Cristae are internal compartments formed by inner mitochondrial membranes.

Flustra, Amathia: “Typical cristae”; “Randomly oriented” – Franzén (1984) (in Tubulipora).
Haliotis: Lewis et al. (1980).
Mopalia, Tonicella, Leptochiton: Buckland-Nicks (2008).
Loxosomella: in Loxosoma (Franzén, 2000).
Neopilina: Arranged in “a loose, radial pattern” in Laevipilina (Healy et al., 1995).

[216] Mitochondria: Midpiece

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 4 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[3]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[3]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[2]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[2]Flustra[?]Amathia[1]Serpula[2]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[1]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[1]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[1]Mytilus[1]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[3]Wirenia[1]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[1]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[2]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 216: Gametes: Spermatozoa: Mitochondria: Midpiece

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

After M. R. Smith (2012a); see also character 43 in Ponder & Lindberg (1997); character 164 in Giribet & Wheeler (2002).

Flustra, Amathia: Long (Franzén, 1981).
Capitella: Long cytoplasmic collar (Eckelbarger & Grassle, 1987).
Haliotis: (Lewis et al., 1980).
Loxosomella: As long as the flagellum in Loxosoma (Franzén, 2000).
Mytilus: Niijima (1965).
Neopilina: Coded following Laevipilina (Healy et al., 1995).
Serpula: Five mitochondria surround the base of the flagellum in short midpiece, comparable to that of Sipunculus and Dentalium (Gherardi et al., 2011).
Sipunculus: Short ring of five mitochondria around the central centriole (Rice, 1993).

4.21 Embryo

[217] Micromere size

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[1]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[1]Flustra[1]Amathia[2]Serpula[2]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[2]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[2]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[2]Mytilus[2]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[1]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[2]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[2]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 217: Embryo: Micromere size

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

Following Hejnol (2010). Blastomeres may undergo significant size differentiation, generating macromeres and micromeres of prominently different sizes.

Flustra, Amathia: In Membranipora, “cleavage is slightly unequal resulting in little larger central
blastomeres” (Gruhl, 2010b).
Capitella: Meyer, Boyle, Martindale, & Seaver (2010).
Haliotis: Biggelaar (1993).
Lingula, Terebratulina: Williams et al. (1997a).
Phoronis: Uniform size (Pennerstorfer & Scholtz, 2012).
Sipunculus: Prominent differentiation in Phascolosoma (Adrianov, Maiorova, & Malakhov, 2011).
Wirenia: Similar in size, with possible exception of macromere 1D, by incorporation of the polar lobe (in Epimenia (Okusu, 2002)).

[218] Equal

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 3 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[2]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[2]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[2]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[2]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[2]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[1]Flustra[?]Amathia[2]Serpula[2]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[2]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[2]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[1]Mytilus[1]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[1]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[2]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[2]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 218: Embryo: Cleavage: Equal

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

Following character 170 in Giribet & Wheeler (2002).

Capitella: Meyer et al. (2010).
Haliotis: “The first two cleavages are equal” (Biggelaar, 1993).
Novocrania, Lingula, Pelagodiscus atlanticus, Terebratulina: Equal, in all brachiopods (Williams et al., 1997a).
Mytilus: Unequal in Acila, Nucula and Yoldia (Zardus & Morse, 1998).
Phoronis: “Cleavage is holoblastic and results in approximately equal sized, or adequal, blastomeres.” – Pennerstorfer & Scholtz (2012).
Wirenia: Unequal in Epimenia (Okusu, 2002).

[219] Cross pattern

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 3 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[?]Amathia[1]Serpula[1]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[1]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[1]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[1]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 219: Embryo: Cleavage: Cross pattern

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

The “molluscan cross” and “annelid cross” cannot be systematically discriminated from one another, so are treated as a single state.
See characters 127 & 128 in Rouse (1999); 1.49 in von Salvini-Plawen & Steiner (1996);
character 34 in Haszprunar (1996); 35 in Haszprunar (2000); 172 in Giribet & Wheeler (2002).

Capitella: Meyer et al. (2010).
Haliotis: “Cross-furrow” pattern (Biggelaar, 1993).
Mytilus: Absent in Acila, Nucula and Yoldia (Zardus & Morse, 1998).
Wirenia: Visible but indistinct cross-furrow in Epimenia (Okusu, 2002).

[220] Polar lobe formation

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[1]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[1]Flustra[?]Amathia[2]Serpula[?]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[2]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[2]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[2]Mytilus[2]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[2]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[1]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 220: Embryo: Cleavage: Polar lobe formation

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

Following character 171 in Giribet & Wheeler (2002).

Haliotis: Biggelaar (1993).
Mytilus: Present in Acila, Nucula and Yoldia (Zardus & Morse, 1998).
Wirenia: Two polar lobes formed in Epimenia (Okusu, 2002).

[221] Spiral

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[2]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[1]Flustra[1]Amathia[2]Serpula[2]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[2]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[2]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[2]Mytilus[2]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[2]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[2]Tonicella[2]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[2]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[2]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 221: Embryo: Cleavage: Spiral

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

See characters 32–33 in Haszprunar (1996); character 1.48 in von Salvini-Plawen & Steiner (1996); character 29 in Glenner et al. (2004).

Flustra, Amathia: “While entoprocts are spiral cleavers, ectoprocts show a radial cleavage pattern” – Fuchs & Wanninger (2008).
Chaetoderma: Following closest relative in Glenner et al. (2004).
Phoronis: “The observed cleavage displays several characters consistent with the pattern of spiral cleavage” (Pennerstorfer & Scholtz, 2012).
Wirenia: Cleavage is spiral in Epimenia (Okusu, 2002).

[222] Origin of mesoderm

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[2]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[2]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[2]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[2]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[2]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[1]Flustra[1]Amathia[1]Serpula[1]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[1]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[1]Mytilus[1]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[1]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 222: Embryo: Origin of mesoderm

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

After characters 32 in Grobe (2007) and 36–37 in Glenner et al. (2004).

Pelagodiscus atlanticus, Phoronis, Sipunculus, Loxosomella, Flustra, Amathia, Mytilus, Haliotis: Following closest relative in Glenner et al. (2004).
Capitella: Four to seven origins of mesoderm, all ectomesodermal (Meyer et al., 2010).
Terebratulina: Williams et al. (1997a).

4.22 Larva: Apical organ

[223] Muscles extending to the hyposphere

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[1]Flustra[1]Amathia[1]Serpula[?]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[?]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[1]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 223: Larva: Apical organ: Muscles extending to the hyposphere

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Character 8 in Vinther et al. (2008).

Flustra, Amathia: Median muscles extending from apical organ (Gruhl, 2008).
Dentalium: Apical organ has disappeared before musculature is set in place (Wanninger & Haszprunar, 2002b).
Phoronis: Not evident (Santagata, 2004, fig. 2C).

[224] Serotonergic cells

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 6 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[3]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[4]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[2]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[4]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[4]Flustra[4]Amathia[?]Serpula[1]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[3]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[4]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[2]Mytilus[2]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[3]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[3]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 224: Larva: Apical organ: Serotonergic cells

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

Character 8 in Haszprunar & Wanninger (2008).

Flustra, Amathia: Concentration of 30–40 serotonergic perikarya (in Fredericella; Gruhl, 2010a).
Capitella: Two in Platynereis (Marlow et al., 2014).
Haliotis: “As early as Day 5 of embryogenesis, whole-mount ICC revealed an unpaired median cell (UMC) and a bilateral pair of cells that are immunoreactive for serotonin in the anterior region of the animal. Each of the three cells sends one anterior projection and one central projection that forms a dense plexus of serotonergic neurites. By Day 7, a second pair of bilateral cells is added slightly medially and posteriorly to the first pair. [… At] the last larval stage […] additional serotonergic neurons (usually two) [are] detected on each side of the five serotonergic cells.” (Marois & Carew, 1997) The cells are not obviously flask shaped.
Lingula: Cluster of “numerous” serotonergic cells (Altenburger & Wanninger, 2010; Hay-Schmidt, 1992); more than, but probably equivalent to, the flask-shaped cells of Terebratalia (Lüter, 2016).
Loxosomella: Six to eight apical cells; eight peripheral cells (Wanninger, Fuchs, & Haszprunar, 2007), indicating a probable equivalence to polyplacophorans (Haszprunar & Wanninger, 2008).
Mytilus: Four to five vase-shaped cells (Voronezhskaya, Nezlin, Odintsova, Plummer, & Croll, 2008).
Novocrania: Four flask-shaped cells (Altenburger & Wanninger, 2010).
Phoronis: Multiple shapes of cells present (Santagata, 2002); resembles the linguliform arrangement (Altenburger & Wanninger, 2010).
Sipunculus: Cluster of around eight cells, though not quite countable (Wanninger, Koop, Bromham, Noonan, & Degnan, 2005).
Terebratulina: Eight in Terebratalia (Lüter, 2016).
Tonicella: Eight in Ischnochiton and Mopalia (Wanninger et al., 2007).

[225] Develops into adult brain

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[1]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[1]Flustra[1]Amathia[2]Serpula[2]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[2]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[2]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[2]Mytilus[2]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[2]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[1]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 225: Larva: Apical organ: Develops into adult brain

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

Character 79 in Glenner et al. (2004).

Capitella: In Platynereis (Marlow et al., 2014).
Mytilus, Haliotis: Following closest relative in Glenner et al. (2004).
Lingula: “both the larval apical ganglion and the ventral ganglion must be retained as
the adult nervous system” (Hay-Schmidt, 1992), but not necessarily as the brain.

[226] Brain persists into adulthood

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[1]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[2]Flustra[2]Amathia[2]Serpula[2]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[2]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[2]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[2]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[2]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[2]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[2]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 226: Larva: Brain persists into adulthood

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

After character 3 in Richter et al. (2010).

Haliotis: Barlow & Truman (1992).

[227] Origin of body cavity

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[2]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[2]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[2]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[2]Flustra[2]Amathia[1]Serpula[?]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[2]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[?]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[1]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[1]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 227: Larva: Origin of body cavity

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

Character 1.43 in von Salvini-Plawen & Steiner (1996).

[228] Formation of coelomoducts

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[?]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[?]Flustra[?]Amathia[2]Serpula[?]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[2]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[?]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[?]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 228: Larva: Formation of coelomoducts

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

Character 26 in Haszprunar (2000).

Loxosomella: Coelomoducts absent (Haszprunar, 2000).

[229] Foot

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[1]Serpula[1]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[1]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[1]Mytilus[1]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[1]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[1]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[1]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 229: Larva: Foot

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Foot or neurotroch present in larval stage, whether or not it is also present in mature individuals. Following Wingstrand (1985).

Capitella: The neurotroch (Meyer et al., 2010) is a cilliated ventral ‘foot’.
Loxosomella: A foot is present in the creeping-type larva of Loxosomella murmanica, though absent in L. atkinsae and the many other entoprocts that have swimming-type larvae (Fuchs & Wanninger, 2008).
Sipunculus, Serpula: Wingstrand (1985) considers the annelid neurotroch to be potentially homologous with the molluscan and entoproct foot.
Wirenia: Ciliated foot present in larvae of Epimenia (Okusu, 2002).

[230] Pedal gland

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 3 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[1]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[1]Mytilus[1]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[1]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[1]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[1]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 230: Larva: Foot: Pedal gland

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

A pedal gland is considered evidence for homology between the molluscan and entoproct foot (Haszprunar & Wanninger, 2008).

Amathia: Ciliated clef corresponds to position of foot (Reed & Cloney, 1982), but dedicated foot not present.
Chaetoderma: Lacking (Wingstrand, 1985).
Mopalia, Tonicella, Leptochiton: “Absent in adult Polyplacophora but present in early ontogenetic stages” (Wingstrand, 1985).
Wirenia: Pedal pit present in Epimenia (Okusu, 2002).

[231] Pedal gland: Retained to adulthood

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 3 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[1]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[1]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[1]Mytilus[1]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[1]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[1]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 231: Larva: Foot: Pedal gland: Retained to adulthood

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Characters 1.13, 1.40 & 2.08 in Scheltema (1993); 114 in Giribet & Wheeler (2002); 1.53 in von Salvini-Plawen & Steiner (1996); 9 in Haszprunar (1996).

Chaetoderma: “Caudofoveata certainly lack […] the pedal gland” (Wingstrand, 1985).
Mopalia, Tonicella, Leptochiton: “Absent in adult Polyplacophora but present in early ontogenetic stages” (Wingstrand, 1985).
Neopilina: Lemche & Wingstrand (1959).

[232] Paired

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[1]Serpula[1]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[1]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[1]Mytilus[1]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[1]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 232: Larva: Coelom: Paired

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Character 2.02 in Scheltema (1993).

Amathia: No evidence of pairing (Reed & Cloney, 1982).
Capitella, Mopalia, Tonicella, Leptochiton, Dentalium, Mytilus, Haliotis: Following figure 13 in Scheltema (1993).
Flustra: Hypostegal coelom separated from principal (perigastric) body cavity in cheilostomata – but this is not clearly equivalent to the paired coelom intended by this character. The coelom of Fredericella is not paired (Gruhl, 2010a).

[233] Paried: Includes pericardium

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[?]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[1]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[1]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[1]Mytilus[1]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[1]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 233: Larva: Coelom: Paried: Includes pericardium

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Character 1.03 in Scheltema (1993).

Leptochiton, Neopilina, Mytilus, Haliotis: Following figure 12 in Scheltema (1993).

[234] Feeding

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[2]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[2]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[2]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[2]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[1]Flustra[1]Amathia[1]Serpula[?]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[1]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[1]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[2]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 234: Larva: Feeding

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

Character 140 in Rouse (1999). See also character 2.66 in von Salvini-Plawen & Steiner (1996); 153 in Giribet & Wheeler (2002).

Amathia: Lecithotrophic (Reed & Cloney, 1982).
Flustra: Metamorphose almost immediately after release from gonozooid (Zimmer & Woollacott, 2013); most bryozoans are lecithotrophic (Reed & Cloney, 1982).
Haliotis: Jaeckle & Manahan (1989).

4.23 Larva: Cilia

[235] Metatroch

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 4 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[1]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[?]Amathia[1]Serpula[0]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[1]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 235: Larva: Cilia: Metatroch

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

See characters 129 and 131 in Rouse (1999); 40 in Haszprunar (1996).
A prototroch is the defining character of a trochophore larva; a metatroch is a secondary ciliary ring (Rouse, 1999).

The metatroch is present in a subset of annelids; in Polygordius, it derives from the 3c and 3d micromeres, whereas in molluscs the secondary ciliary band derives frmo 2a, 2b and 2c (Meyer et al., 2010). As such, the structures may not be homologous between molluscs and annelids.

Capitella: Absent (Marlow et al., 2014).
Terebratulina: Williams et al. (1997a).
Wirenia: Prototroch only in Epimenia (Okusu, 2002).

[236] Telotroch

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 3 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[1]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[1]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[1]Wirenia[1]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 236: Larva: Cilia: Telotroch

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

A posterior ciliary band. Character 136 in Rouse (1999).

Amathia: Absent; single ciliary field lacks telotroch equivalent (Reed & Cloney, 1982).
Flustra: Absent (Zimmer & Woollacott, 2013).
Haliotis: De Viçose, Viera, Bilbao, & Izquierdo (2007).
Serpula: Following Parry & Caron (2019).
Terebratulina: Williams et al. (1997a).
Wirenia: Present in Epimenia (Okusu, 2002).

[237] Ciliated food groove

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 3 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[1]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[1]Serpula[0]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[1]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 237: Larva: Cilia: Ciliated food groove

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Character 132 in Rouse (1999).

Amathia: Coronal cilia do not form a food groove (Reed & Cloney, 1982).
Flustra: Cyclostomes are covered in cilia but not arranged in food groove.
Serpula: Following Parry & Caron (2019).
Terebratulina: Williams et al. (1997a).
Wirenia: Not present in Epimenia (Okusu, 2002).

[238] Ciliary bands: Downstream

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[1]Serpula[1]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[1]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[1]Mytilus[1]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[1]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 238: Larva: Cilia: Ciliary bands: Downstream

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Downstream-collecting ciliary bands of compound cilia on multiciliated cells. Character 31 in Glenner et al. (2004).

Capitella: In Chaetopterus (Glenner et al., 2004).
Haliotis: In Littorina (Gastropoda) (Glenner et al., 2004).
Mytilus: In Crassostrea (Bivalvia) (Glenner et al., 2004).
Serpula: “Groups such as Sabellariidae […] have evolved downstream-feeding without the aid of a metatroch” – (Rouse, 2000)In Chaetopterus (Glenner et al., 2004).
Sipunculus: “Taxa such as Sipuncula […] have a metatroch and do not have downstream larval-feeding” – Rouse (2000).
Terebratulina: Following closest relative in Glenner et al. (2004).

[239] Ciliary bands: Upstream

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[1]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 239: Larva: Cilia: Ciliary bands: Upstream

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Upstream-collecting ciliary bands with single cilia on monociliated cells. Character 32 in Glenner et al. (2004).

Serpula, Capitella: In Chaetopterus (Glenner et al., 2004).
Haliotis: In Littorina (Gastropoda) (Glenner et al., 2004).
Mytilus: In Crassostrea (Bivalvia) (Glenner et al., 2004).
Terebratulina: Following closest relative in Glenner et al. (2004).

[240] Adoral ciliary band

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[1]Flustra[1]Amathia[1]Serpula[?]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[1]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[1]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[1]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 240: Larva: Cilia: Adoral ciliary band

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Characters 1.50, 2.66 and 4.68 in von Salvini-Plawen & Steiner (1996); 2 in Vinther et al. (2008). See also characters 39 in Haszprunar (1996) and 153 in Giribet & Wheeler (2002).

Haliotis: De Viçose et al. (2007).

[241] Nerve ring underlying ciliated larval swimming organ

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[1]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[1]Flustra[1]Amathia[1]Serpula[?]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[?]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[1]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[1]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 241: Larva: Cilia: Nerve ring underlying ciliated larval swimming organ

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Following Wanninger (2009).

Amathia: Nodular nerve ring underlies corona (Reed & Cloney, 1982).
Flustra: Present, following schematic in Gruhl & Schwaha (2016).

4.24 Ciliary ultrastructure

[242] Accessory centriole

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[1]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[1]Serpula[?]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[?]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 242: Ciliary ultrastructure: Accessory centriole

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

After Lundin, Schander, & Todt (2009).

Serpula: Present in certain annelids; not verified in Serpula.
Terebratulina: Present (Lüter, 1995).

[243] Aggregation of granules below basal plate

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[?]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[?]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[1]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 243: Ciliary ultrastructure: Aggregation of granules below basal plate

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

After Lundin et al. (2009).

Serpula: Following Harmothoe (Holborow, Laverack, & Barber, 1969).

[244] Radiating tubular fibres

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[1]Serpula[?]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[?]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[1]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 244: Ciliary ultrastructure: Basal foot: Radiating tubular fibres

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

After Lundin et al. (2009). Fibres radiate from the distal end of the basal foot of the cilia in certain taxa.

Amathia: Reed & Cloney (1982).
Serpula: Basal foot in Magelona is connected to cytoplasmic microtubules (Bartolomaeus, 1995).

[245] Basal plate

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[1]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[1]Flustra[1]Amathia[2]Serpula[?]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[2]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[?]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[2]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[2]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[1]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 245: Ciliary ultrastructure: Basal plate

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

After Lundin et al. (2009). Also termed “dense plate”.

Amathia: Reed & Cloney (1982).
Serpula: Broad and ‘blurry’ in Magelona (Bartolomaeus, 1995).
Terebratulina: Thin to thick, but not blurry (Lüter, 1995).

[246] Brushborder of microvilli

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 4 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[1]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[1]Flustra[1]Amathia[1]Serpula[?]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[?]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[1]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 246: Ciliary ultrastructure: Brushborder of microvilli

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

After Lundin et al. (2009); coded following M. R. Smith (2012a).

Amathia: Present (Reed & Cloney, 1982).
Terebratulina: Absent (Lüter, 1995).

[247] Centriolar triplet derivative in basal body

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[?]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[?]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[1]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[1]Flustra[1]Amathia[1]Serpula[?]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[2]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[?]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[2]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[2]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[1]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 247: Ciliary ultrastructure: Centriolar triplet derivative in basal body

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

After Lundin et al. (2009).

Amathia: Reed & Cloney (1982).
Serpula: Following Enchytraeus (Reger, 1967), Magelona (Bartolomaeus, 1995) and Harmothoe (Holborow et al., 1969).

[248] Ciliary necklace with connecting strands

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[?]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[?]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[1]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 248: Ciliary ultrastructure: Ciliary necklace with connecting strands

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

After Lundin et al. (2009).
The ciliary necklace is defined by Gilula & Satir (1972) as “Well-defined rows or strands of membrane particles that encircle the ciliary shaft”. It occurs immediately below the basal plate, and comprises three beaded circles of on the circumference of the cilia membrane.

Amathia: Reed & Cloney (1982).
Serpula: Not evident in Enchytraeus (Reger, 1967), Magelona (Bartolomaeus, 1995) or Harmothoe (Holborow et al., 1969).
Terebratulina: (Lüter, 1995).

[249] Monociliate epidermal cells

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[?]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[?]Flustra[?]Amathia[0]Serpula[0]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[?]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[?]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 249: Ciliary ultrastructure: Monociliate epidermal cells

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Character 4 in Parry & Caron (2019). Coded as present if compound cilia comprise multiple monociliate cells, even if monociliate cells do not occur individually.

Serpula, Capitella, Mopalia, Tonicella, Leptochiton, Haliotis: Following coding for closest relative in Parry & Caron (2019).
Novocrania, Lingula, Odontogriphus omalus, Wiwaxia corrugata, Halkieria evangelista: Following coding in Parry & Caron (2019).

[250] Presence

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[1]Serpula[1]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[1]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[1]Mytilus[1]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[1]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 250: Ciliary ultrastructure: Compound cilia: Presence

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

After Lundin et al. (2009). Compound cilia are motile structures composed of 10–100 regular cilia used in locomotion or feeding.

Amathia: Reed & Cloney (1982).
Capitella: Following closest relative in Glenner et al. (2004).
Serpula: Nielsen (1987).

[251] Origin

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[-]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[-]Flustra[-]Amathia[2]Serpula[2]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[2]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[2]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[2]Mytilus[2]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[2]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[2]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 251: Ciliary ultrastructure: Compound cilia: Origin

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

Character 14 in Glenner et al. (2004). Compound cilia can be produced by the aggregation of cilia from multiple monociliate cells, or from a single cell bearing multiple cilia (Nielsen, 1987).

Capitella, Mytilus, Haliotis: Following closest relative in Glenner et al. (2004).
Terebratulina: “The coelothelial cells of the metacoel are monociliated”; “even some epithelial muscle cells are monociliated” – Lüter (1995).

[252] Glycocalyx ultrastructure

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[1]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[1]Flustra[1]Amathia[1]Serpula[?]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[2]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[?]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[2]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[1]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 252: Ciliary ultrastructure: Glycocalyx ultrastructure

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

After Lundin et al. (2009).

Amathia: Reed & Cloney (1982).
Terebratulina: Homogeneous (Lüter, 1995).

[253] Branched

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[?]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[?]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[1]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[1]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 253: Ciliary ultrastructure: Microvilli on epidermal surface: Branched

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

After Lundin et al. (2009).

Amathia: Reed & Cloney (1982).
Terebratulina: (Lüter, 1995).

[254] Length

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[2]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[2]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[2]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[2]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[2]Flustra[2]Amathia[2]Serpula[?]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[?]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[1]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[2]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 254: Ciliary ultrastructure: Vertical ciliary rootlet: Length

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

After Lundin et al. (2009). The vertical ciliary rootlet is also termed the posterior rootlet.

Amathia: Reed & Cloney (1982).
Loxosomella: Details of ciliary ultrastructure are illustrated in Nielsen & Rostgaard (1976).
Terebratulina: Long (Lüter, 1995).

[255] Shape

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[2]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[2]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[1]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[1]Flustra[1]Amathia[1]Serpula[?]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[?]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[1]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[2]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 255: Ciliary ultrastructure: Vertical ciliary rootlet: Shape

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

After Lundin et al. (2009). The vertical ciliary rootlet is also termed the posterior rootlet.

Amathia: Reed & Cloney (1982).
Serpula: Conical in Enchytraeus (Reger, 1967) and Magelona (Bartolomaeus, 1995).
Terebratulina: Conical: tapering to a point (Lüter, 1995).

[256] Presence

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 3 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[1]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[1]Flustra[1]Amathia[1]Serpula[?]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[1]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[1]Wirenia[1]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[1]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 256: Ciliary ultrastructure: Secondary ciliary rootlet: Presence

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

After Lundin et al. (2009). The secondary ciliary rootlet is also termed the anterior ciliary rootlet.

Amathia: Reed & Cloney (1982).
Wirenia, Chaetoderma, Mopalia, Leptochiton: Lundin & Schander (2001).
Mytilus, Haliotis: Absent in class in adult stage (Lundin & Schander, 2001).
Neopilina: According to unpublished observation in Lundin & Schander (2001).

[257] Length

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 3 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[2]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[2]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[2]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[1]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[2]Flustra[2]Amathia[1]Serpula[?]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[2]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[-]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[-]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[-]Mytilus[1]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[-]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 257: Ciliary ultrastructure: Secondary ciliary rootlet: Length

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

After Lundin et al. (2009). The secondary ciliary rootlet is also termed the anterior ciliary rootlet.

Amathia: Reed & Cloney (1982).
Serpula: Short in Enchytraeus (Reger, 1967), Magelona (Bartolomaeus, 1995) and Harmothoe (Holborow et al., 1969).
Terebratulina: “Very small” – Lüter (1995).

[258] Shape

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[1]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[1]Flustra[1]Amathia[1]Serpula[?]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[-]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[-]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[-]Mytilus[1]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[2]Tonicella[-]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[-]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 258: Ciliary ultrastructure: Secondary ciliary rootlet: Shape

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

After Lundin et al. (2009). The secondary ciliary rootlet is also termed the anterior ciliary rootlet.

Amathia: Reed & Cloney (1982).
Serpula: Conical in Magelona (Bartolomaeus, 1995).
Terebratulina: Too small to evaluate.

4.25 Nephridia

[259] Podocytes

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[1]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[?]Amathia[1]Serpula[?]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[?]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[1]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 259: Nephridia: Podocytes

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

See characters 21 and 28 in Haszprunar (2000); 1.12 in Scheltema (1993).

Novocrania, Lingula, Pelagodiscus atlanticus, Terebratulina: “In Brachiopoda, podocytes have never been observed” – Lüter (1995).
Phoronis: Present (Storch & Herrmann, 1978).
Serpula: Present in serpulids (Bartolomaeus & Quast, 2005).

[260] Rhogocytes

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[?]Amathia[0]Serpula[?]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[?]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[1]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 260: Nephridia: Rhogocytes

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Pore cells. Character 20 in Haszprunar (2000).

[261] Serve as excretory organs

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[?]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[?]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[1]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[?]Amathia[1]Serpula[?]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[?]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[1]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 261: Nephridia: Serve as excretory organs

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

See character 4.46 in von Salvini-Plawen & Steiner (1996).

Novocrania, Lingula, Pelagodiscus atlanticus, Terebratulina: “The excretory function of the metanephridia in Brachiopoda must be questioned” – Lüter (1995).

[262] Serially repeated

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[?]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[?]Flustra[?]Amathia[2]Serpula[2]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[1]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[?]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[1]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[?]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 262: Nephridia: Serially repeated

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

Character 5 in Parry & Caron (2019).

Novocrania, Lingula, Sipunculus, Serpula, Capitella, Mopalia, Tonicella, Leptochiton, Haliotis: Following closest relative in Parry & Caron (2019).

[263] Protonephridia

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 3 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[1]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[?]Amathia[1]Serpula[?]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[?]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[1]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 263: Nephridia: Protonephridia

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Also termed cyrtocytes. Character 21 in Grobe (2007); 1.47 in von Salvini-Plawen & Steiner (1996); 138 in Rouse (1999); 20 in Haszprunar (1996); 90 in Glenner et al. (2004).

[264] Metanephridia

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[1]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[1]Serpula[?]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[?]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 264: Nephridia: Metanephridia

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

See characters 35 in Rouse (1999); 28 in Haszprunar (2000); 93 in Glenner et al. (2004); 1.47 in von Salvini-Plawen & Steiner (1996); 21 in Grobe (2007); 138 in Rouse (1999); 20 in Haszprunar (1996).

Amathia: Following closest relative in Glenner et al. (2004).

4.26 Cuticle

[265] Layers

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[?]Amathia[1]Serpula[?]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[?]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[1]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[1]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 265: Cuticle: Layers

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Character 1 in Haszprunar (1996).

[266] Composition

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[?]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[2]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[2]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[2]Flustra[2]Amathia[2]Serpula[?]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[2]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[?]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[1]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[1]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 266: Cuticle: Composition

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

Character 2 in Haszprunar & Wanninger (2008).

Flustra, Amathia: Collagenous (Schopf & Manheim, 1967), though chitin is associated with the exoskeleton (Hunt, 1972).
Tonicella, Dentalium: Haszprunar & Wanninger (2008).
Lingula, Pelagodiscus atlanticus, Terebratulina: The brachiopod pedicle has a chitinous cuticle (MacKay & Hewitt, 1978; Williams et al., 1997a), but the tentacles are associated with collagen (Williams et al., 1997a); marked as polymorphic.
Loxosomella: Absent (Haszprunar & Wanninger, 2008). Chitin is occasionally present in certain species, perhaps in regions where rigidity is necessary (Borisanova, Yushin, Malakhov, & Temereva, 2015).
Novocrania: No (chitinous) pedicle, so only collagenous cuticle present (Williams et al., 1997a).
Phoronis: Collagen fibres in tentacle cuticle (Bartolomaeus, 2001); chitin only present in tubes (Jeuniaux, 1971).
Sipunculus: Collagenous (Goffinet, Voss-Foucart, & Barzin, 1978).

[267] Fibrous layer with thick fibrils

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 3 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[?]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[1]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[1]Serpula[?]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[?]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[1]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 267: Cuticle: Fibrous layer with thick fibrils

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

After Borisanova et al. (2015).

Loxosomella, Flustra, Amathia, Serpula, Tonicella, Dentalium: Following table 2 in Borisanova et al. (2015).
Lingula: Pedicle cuticle entirely homogeneous (Williams et al., 1997a).
Pelagodiscus atlanticus: Microvilli in otherwise homogeneous epidermis (Williams et al., 1997a).
Phoronis: Outer layer seemingly fibrous (Bereiter-Hahn, Matoltsy, & Slyvia Richards, 1984).
Sipunculus: Fibrous collagen only (Bereiter-Hahn et al., 1984).
Terebratulina: Not evident in Notosaria (Bereiter-Hahn et al., 1984; Williams et al., 1997a).

[268] Homogeneous layer

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 3 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[?]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[1]Flustra[1]Amathia[0]Serpula[?]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[?]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[1]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 268: Cuticle: Homogeneous layer

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

After Borisanova et al. (2015).

Loxosomella, Flustra, Amathia, Serpula, Tonicella, Dentalium: Following table 2 in Borisanova et al. (2015).
Lingula: Pedicle cuticle entirely homogeneous (Williams et al., 1997a).
Pelagodiscus atlanticus: Microvilli in otherwise homogeneous epidermis (Williams et al., 1997a).
Phoronis: Not evident (Bereiter-Hahn et al., 1984).
Sipunculus: Fibrous collagen only (Bereiter-Hahn et al., 1984).
Terebratulina: Cuticle is homogeneous in Notosaria (Bereiter-Hahn et al., 1984; Williams et al., 1997a).

[269] Resilience

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[1]Serpula[?]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[?]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 269: Cuticle: Resilience

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Character 1 in Haszprunar (2000).

[270] Microvilli

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 3 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[1]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[1]Serpula[?]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[?]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[1]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 270: Cuticle: Microvilli

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

After Borisanova et al. (2015).

Loxosomella, Flustra, Amathia, Serpula, Tonicella, Dentalium: Following table 2 in Borisanova et al. (2015).
Pelagodiscus atlanticus: Microvillios inner epithelium in Discina (Williams et al., 1997a).
Phoronis: Present on outer epithelium (Bereiter-Hahn et al., 1984).
Sipunculus: Fibrous collagen only (Bereiter-Hahn et al., 1984).

4.27 Muscles

[271] Longitudinal muscle bands

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[?]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[?]Flustra[?]Amathia[1]Serpula[1]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[?]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[1]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[?]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 271: Muscles: Longitudinal muscle bands

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Character 127 in Parry & Caron (2019).

Novocrania, Lingula, Sipunculus, Canadia spinosa, Serpula, Capitella, Mopalia, Tonicella, Leptochiton, Haliotis, Odontogriphus omalus, Wiwaxia corrugata, Halkieria evangelista: Following closest relative in Parry & Caron (2019).

[272] Circular muscles

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[?]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[?]Flustra[?]Amathia[1]Serpula[1]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[?]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[?]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 272: Muscles: Circular muscles

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Character 128 in Parry & Caron (2019).

Novocrania, Lingula, Sipunculus, Canadia spinosa, Serpula, Capitella, Mopalia, Tonicella, Leptochiton, Haliotis, Odontogriphus omalus, Wiwaxia corrugata, Halkieria evangelista: Following closest relative in Parry & Caron (2019).

[273] Cytology

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 3 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[3]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[3]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[3]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[3]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[1]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[2]Flustra[2]Amathia[2]Serpula[?]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[2]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[?]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[1]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[2]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 273: Muscles: Cytology

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

Character 19 in Haszprunar (1996); see also character 13 in Haszprunar (2000).

Flustra, Amathia: In Bryozoa, myofibrils are “all striated” (Pardos et al., 1991).
Novocrania, Lingula, Pelagodiscus atlanticus, Terebratulina: In brachiopods, myofibrils “are striated on the frontal face and smooth on the abfrontal face” (Pardos et al., 1991).
Phoronis: “In P. australis […] all the myofibrils belong to the smooth type” – Pardos et al. (1991).

[274] Histology

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[?]Amathia[1]Serpula[?]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[?]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[?]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 274: Muscles: Histology

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

See character 18 in Haszprunar (1996).

4.28 Glands: Paired pharyngeal diverticulae [275]

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[?]Amathia[0]Serpula[?]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[?]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[1]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 275: Glands: Paired pharyngeal diverticulae

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

4.29 Nervous system

[276] Orthogonal

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 4 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[1]Flustra[1]Amathia[1]Serpula[1]Capitella[1]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[1]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[1]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[1]Wirenia[1]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[1]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[1]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 276: Nervous system: Orthogonal

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Character 14 in Haszprunar (1996). Paired longitudinal nerve cords regularly interconnected by transversal commissures to form a rectangular pattern.

Amathia: Temereva & Kosevich (2016).
Canadia spinosa, Capitella: Parry & Caron (2019).
Haliotis: Pedal cords with regular transverse connections (Barlow & Truman, 1992).
Mopalia, Tonicella, Leptochiton: Parry & Caron (2019) code chitons as lacking serial repetition in the nervous system, despite the orthogonal arrangement of nervous tissue.

[277] Glial system

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[1]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[1]Serpula[?]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[?]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[1]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 277: Nervous system: Glial system

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Character 16 in Haszprunar (1996). The Gliointerstitial system interconnects the nervous and muscle systems.

Phoronis: Glial cells are “abundant” (Temereva, 2016).

[278] Dorso-terminal sense organ

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[?]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[?]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[?]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[?]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[1]Wirenia[1]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[?]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[1]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 278: Nervous system: Dorso-terminal sense organ

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Corresponds to the molluscan osphradium; see von Salvini-Plawen & Steiner (1996), character 30; Ponder & Lindberg (1997), character 101; Giribet & Wheeler (2002) character 143; Haszprunar (2000) character 56; Sasaki, Shigeno, & Tanabe (2010) character 49; Lindgren, Giribet, & Nishiguchi (2004) character 101.

[279] Statocysts

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[?]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[0]Serpula[?]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[?]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[1]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[?]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[1]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[0]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[?]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 279: Nervous system: Statocysts

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Character 1.33 in von Salvini-Plawen & Steiner (1996); 44 in Lindgren et al. (2004); 99 in Ponder & Lindberg (1997); 55 in Haszprunar (2000).

[280] Nuchal organs

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[?]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[?]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[?]Flustra[?]Amathia[1]Serpula[1]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[?]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[?]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 280: Nervous system: Nuchal organs

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Character 147 in Parry et al. (2016), 158 in Parry & Caron (2019).
Nuchal organs are chemosensory organs present in almost all polychaetes, and absent in clitellates. They occur as a dorsal pair of ciliated areas on the posterior prostomium (Purschke, 2005). Purschke et al. (1997) points to a number of differences between the nuchal organs of sipunculans and polychaetes, whilst acknowledging the existence of some similarities; Purschke (1997) acknowledge that the case is not closed. We agree that homology between the nuchal organs of sipunculans and annelids is uncertain, but code the structures in a single transformation series to allow the analysis to test the hypothesis of homology.

[281] Buccal nerve ring

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[1]Serpula[1]Capitella[1]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[1]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[1]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[1]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[1]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[1]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[1]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 281: Nervous system: Buccal nerve ring

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Proposed as a synapomorphy of Mollusca + Ectoprocta by Haszprunar & Wanninger (2008) (character 7b), following Wanninger et al. (2007), but overlooking the presence of the structure in polychaetes. Also termed an oral, circumoral or oesophageal nerve ring (Voronezhskaya, Tsitrin, & Nezlin, 2003).

Amathia: Temereva & Kosevich (2016).
Canadia spinosa: Coded as present in Parry & Caron (2019).
Capitella: Circumoesophageal connectives present (Bhup & Marsden, 1982).
Haliotis: Present (Barlow & Truman, 1992).
Loxosomella: A potential synapomorphy uniting Mollusca and Kamptozoa (Haszprunar & Wanninger, 2008; Wanninger et al., 2007).
Serpula: Coded as present in Parry & Caron (2019); circumoesophageal connective present (Orrhage & Müller, 2005).
Sipunculus: Oral nerve ring present (Kristof, Wollesen, & Wanninger, 2008).

[282] Anterior nerve loop

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[1]Serpula[?]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[1]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[1]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[1]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[1]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 282: Nervous system: Anterior nerve loop

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Character 7c in Haszprunar & Wanninger (2008), following Wanninger et al. (2007). An anterior, pre-oral nerve loop is present in molluscs, Loxosomella and certain annelids (Wanninger et al., 2007).

Amathia: Temereva & Kosevich (2016).
Haliotis: Loop joins cerebral ganglia anterior to buccal loop (Barlow & Truman, 1992).
Mopalia, Leptochiton: Present in polyplacophorans (Wanninger et al., 2007).

[283] Suprarectal commissure

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[?]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[?]Amathia[?]Serpula[?]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[?]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[1]Wirenia[1]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[?]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[1]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 283: Nervous system: Suprarectal commissure

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Also termed suprarectal loop; see von Salvini-Plawen & Steiner (1996) character 28; Scheltema (1993) character 21; Waller (1998) character 2e.

Haliotis: Barlow & Truman (1992).

[284] Ganglionated

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[?]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[?]Amathia[?]Serpula[?]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[?]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[0]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[0]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[1]Wirenia[1]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[?]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[0]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 284: Nervous system: Suprarectal commissure: Ganglionated

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

[285] Formation of ganglia

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 3 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[2]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[2]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[2]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[2]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[2]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[3]Flustra[3]Amathia[2]Serpula[?]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[2]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[?]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[2]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[1]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 285: Nervous system: Formation of ganglia

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

Character 1.22 in von Salvini-Plawen & Steiner (1996).

Flustra, Amathia: “The cerebral ganglion in all bryozoans is formed as an invagination of a portion
of epithelium” – Temereva & Kosevich (2016).

[286] Presence

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[1]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[1]Flustra[1]Amathia[1]Serpula[?]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[1]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[1]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[1]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[1]Wirenia[1]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[1]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[1]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 286: Nervous system: Cerebral ganglia: Presence

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

After character 13 in Haszprunar (1996).

Amathia: Temereva & Kosevich (2016).
Haliotis: Barlow & Truman (1992).
Phoronis: We treat the dorsal ganglion, which is formed by two ends of the tentacular nerve ring (Temereva, 2016), as cerebral.

[287] Fused

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 3 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[-]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[-]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[-]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[-]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[2]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[1]Flustra[2]Amathia[2]Serpula[?]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[2]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[2]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[1]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[1]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[2]Wirenia[2]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[2]Tonicella[2]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[2]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[2]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 287: Nervous system: Cerebral gangila: Fused

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

After character 13 in Haszprunar (1996).

Amathia: Fused (Temereva & Kosevich, 2016).
Haliotis: Barlow & Truman (1992).

[288] Transverse commissures

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[?]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[?]Flustra[?]Amathia[1]Serpula[1]Capitella[1]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[?]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[?]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 288: Nervous system: Cerebral ganglia: Transverse commissures

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Character 205 in Parry & Caron (2019), who write “a brain with four transverse commissures is present in numerous families of polychaetes and two commissures are present in Sipuncula”.

Capitella: The brain of Notomastus (Capitellidae) comprises two brain lobes joined by a commissure (Meyer, Carrillo-Baltodano, Moore, & Seaver, 2015).
Mopalia, Tonicella, Leptochiton, Haliotis: Following closest relative in Parry & Caron (2019).

[289] Serially repeated ganglia

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[?]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[?]Flustra[?]Amathia[1]Serpula[1]Capitella[1]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[?]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[?]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 289: Nervous system: Serially repeated ganglia

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Character 212 in Parry & Caron (2019).

Novocrania, Lingula, Sipunculus, Canadia spinosa, Serpula, Capitella, Mopalia, Tonicella, Leptochiton, Haliotis, Odontogriphus omalus, Wiwaxia corrugata, Halkieria evangelista: Following closest relative in Parry & Caron (2019).

[290] Serially repeated segmental nerves

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[?]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[?]Flustra[?]Amathia[1]Serpula[1]Capitella[1]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[?]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[0]Tonicella[0]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[0]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[?]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 290: Nervous system: Serially repeated segmental nerves

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Character 213 in Parry & Caron (2019).

Novocrania, Lingula, Sipunculus, Canadia spinosa, Serpula, Capitella, Mopalia, Tonicella, Leptochiton, Haliotis: Following closest relative in Parry & Caron (2019).

[291] Nerve cords

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[1]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[1]Flustra[1]Amathia[1]Serpula[1]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[2]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[2]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[2]Wirenia[2]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[2]Tonicella[2]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[2]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[2]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 291: Nervous system: Nerve cords

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

See character 7 in Haszprunar & Wanninger (2008).

Amathia: Temereva & Kosevich (2016).

[292] Medulla

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[?]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[?]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[?]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[?]Flustra[?]Amathia[?]Serpula[?]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[?]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[2]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[?]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[1]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[2]Wirenia[2]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[?]Tonicella[2]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[2]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[?]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 292: Nervous system: Nerve cords: Medulla

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

Medullary nerve cord are built by a core neuropil and covered by neuronal somata (Faller, Rothe, Todt, Schmidt-Rhaesa, & Loesel, 2012).

[293] Ventral longitudinal nerves

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[0]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[0]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[0]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[0]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[0]Flustra[0]Amathia[1]Serpula[?]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[1]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[1]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 293: Nervous system: Ventral longitudinal nerves

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Character 80 in Glenner et al. (2004); see also character 6 in Vinther et al. (2008).

Amathia: Temereva & Kosevich (2016).
Haliotis: Linked but distinct pedal cords (Barlow & Truman, 1992).

[294] Ventral cord location

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[2]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[2]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[?]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[?]Flustra[?]Amathia[1]Serpula[1]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[1]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[?]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[1]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[?]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 294: Nervous system: Ventral cord location

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

Character 222 in Parry & Caron (2019).

Novocrania, Lingula, Sipunculus, Canadia spinosa, Serpula, Capitella, Mopalia, Tonicella, Leptochiton, Haliotis: Following coding in Parry & Caron (2019), who follow Helm et al. (2018).

[295] Ventral cord commissures

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[-]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[-]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[?]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[?]Flustra[?]Amathia[?]Serpula[2]Capitella[2]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[1]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[?]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[1]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[?]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 295: Nervous system: Ventral cord commissures

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Transformational character.

Character 223 in Parry & Caron (2019).

Novocrania, Lingula, Sipunculus, Canadia spinosa, Serpula, Capitella, Mopalia, Tonicella, Leptochiton, Haliotis: Coded following Parry & Caron (2019), who follow Helm et al. (2018).

4.30 MicroRNA

[296] Brachiopod candidate 1

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[?]Flustra[?]Amathia[?]Serpula[?]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[?]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[?]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[?]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[?]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[?]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 296: MicroRNA: Brachiopod candidate 1

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

BC1 in 35.

Novocrania, Lingula, Phoronis, Mytilus: 35.

[297] mir-36

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[?]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[?]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[1]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[?]Flustra[?]Amathia[?]Serpula[1]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[1]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[?]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[?]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[?]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 297: MicroRNA: mir-36

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Phoronis, Capitella, Chaetoderma, Haliotis: 34.
Sipunculus: Following Phascolion (Sperling et al., 2009).

[298] mir-76

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[?]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[?]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[1]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[?]Flustra[?]Amathia[?]Serpula[1]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[1]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[?]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[1]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[?]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[?]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 298: MicroRNA: mir-76

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Phoronis, Capitella, Chaetoderma, Haliotis: 34.
Sipunculus: Following Phascolion (Sperling et al., 2009).

[299] mir-124

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[?]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[?]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[?]Flustra[?]Amathia[?]Serpula[1]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[1]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[?]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[?]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[?]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 299: MicroRNA: mir-124

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Phoronis, Capitella, Chaetoderma, Haliotis: 34.
Sipunculus: Following Phascolion (Sperling et al., 2009).

[300] mir-190

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[?]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[?]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[1]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[?]Flustra[?]Amathia[?]Serpula[1]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[1]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[?]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[?]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[?]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 300: MicroRNA: mir-190

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Phoronis, Capitella, Chaetoderma, Haliotis: 34.
Sipunculus: Following Phascolion (Sperling et al., 2009).

[301] mir-219

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[?]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[?]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[1]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[?]Flustra[?]Amathia[?]Serpula[1]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[1]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[?]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[?]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[?]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 301: MicroRNA: mir-219

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Phoronis, Capitella, Chaetoderma, Haliotis: 34.
Sipunculus: Following Phascolion (Sperling et al., 2009).

[302] mir-242

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[?]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[?]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[?]Flustra[?]Amathia[?]Serpula[1]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[1]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[?]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[?]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[?]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 302: MicroRNA: mir-242

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Phoronis, Capitella, Chaetoderma, Haliotis: 34.
Sipunculus: Following Phascolion (Sperling et al., 2009).

[303] mir-278

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[?]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[?]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[1]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[?]Flustra[?]Amathia[?]Serpula[1]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[1]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[?]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[1]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[?]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[?]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 303: MicroRNA: mir-278

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Phoronis, Capitella, Chaetoderma, Haliotis: 34.
Sipunculus: Following Phascolion (Sperling et al., 2009).

[304] mir-1984

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[?]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[?]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[?]Flustra[?]Amathia[?]Serpula[0]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[1]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[?]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[?]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[?]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 304: MicroRNA: mir-1984

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Phoronis, Capitella, Chaetoderma, Haliotis: 34.
Sipunculus: Following Phascolion (Sperling et al., 2009).

[305] mir-1985

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[?]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[?]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[?]Flustra[?]Amathia[?]Serpula[0]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[1]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[?]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[?]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[?]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 305: MicroRNA: mir-1985

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Phoronis, Capitella, Chaetoderma, Haliotis: 34.
Sipunculus: Following Phascolion (Sperling et al., 2009).

[306] mir-1986

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[?]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[?]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[?]Flustra[?]Amathia[?]Serpula[0]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[1]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[?]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[?]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[?]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 306: MicroRNA: mir-1986

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Phoronis, Capitella, Chaetoderma, Haliotis: 34.
Sipunculus: Following Phascolion (Sperling et al., 2009).

[307] mir-1987

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[?]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[?]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[?]Flustra[?]Amathia[?]Serpula[1]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[?]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[?]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[?]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 307: MicroRNA: mir-1987

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Phoronis, Capitella, Chaetoderma, Haliotis: 34.
Sipunculus: Following Phascolion (Sperling et al., 2009).

[308] mir-1988

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[?]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[?]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[?]Flustra[?]Amathia[?]Serpula[0]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[1]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[?]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[?]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[?]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 308: MicroRNA: mir-1988

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Phoronis, Capitella, Chaetoderma, Haliotis: 34.
Sipunculus: Following Phascolion (Sperling et al., 2009).

[309] mir-1989

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[?]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[?]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[?]Flustra[?]Amathia[?]Serpula[1]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[1]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[?]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[?]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[?]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 309: MicroRNA: mir-1989

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Phoronis, Capitella, Chaetoderma, Haliotis: 34.
Sipunculus: Following Phascolion (Sperling et al., 2009).

[310] mir-1990

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[?]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[?]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[?]Flustra[?]Amathia[?]Serpula[1]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[1]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[?]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[1]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[?]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[?]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 310: MicroRNA: mir-1990

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Phoronis, Capitella, Chaetoderma, Haliotis: 34.
Sipunculus: Following Phascolion (Sperling et al., 2009).

[311] mir-1991

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 2 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[?]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[?]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[?]Flustra[?]Amathia[?]Serpula[1]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[1]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[?]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[1]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[?]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[?]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 311: MicroRNA: mir-1991

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Phoronis, Capitella, Chaetoderma, Haliotis: 34.
Sipunculus: Following Phascolion (Sperling et al., 2009).

[312] mir-1994

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[?]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[?]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[?]Flustra[?]Amathia[?]Serpula[1]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[1]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[?]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[1]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[?]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[?]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 312: MicroRNA: mir-1994

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Phoronis, Capitella, Chaetoderma, Haliotis: 34.
Sipunculus: Following Phascolion (Sperling et al., 2009).

[313] mir-1995

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[?]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[?]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[?]Flustra[?]Amathia[?]Serpula[1]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[?]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[?]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[?]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 313: MicroRNA: mir-1995

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Phoronis, Capitella, Chaetoderma, Haliotis: 34.
Sipunculus: Following Phascolion (Sperling et al., 2009).

[314] mir-1996

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[?]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[?]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[?]Flustra[?]Amathia[?]Serpula[1]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[?]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[?]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[?]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 314: MicroRNA: mir-1996

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Phoronis, Capitella, Chaetoderma, Haliotis: 34.
Sipunculus: Following Phascolion (Sperling et al., 2009).

[315] mir-1997

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[?]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[?]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[?]Flustra[?]Amathia[?]Serpula[1]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[?]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[?]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[?]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 315: MicroRNA: mir-1997

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Phoronis, Capitella, Chaetoderma, Haliotis: 34.
Sipunculus: Following Phascolion (Sperling et al., 2009).

[316] mir-1998

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[?]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[?]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[?]Flustra[?]Amathia[?]Serpula[1]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[?]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[?]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[?]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 316: MicroRNA: mir-1998

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Phoronis, Capitella, Chaetoderma, Haliotis: 34.
Sipunculus: Following Phascolion (Sperling et al., 2009).

[317] mir-1999

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[?]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[?]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[?]Flustra[?]Amathia[?]Serpula[1]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[?]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[?]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[?]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 317: MicroRNA: mir-1999

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Phoronis, Capitella, Chaetoderma, Haliotis: 34.
Sipunculus: Following Phascolion (Sperling et al., 2009).

[318] mir-2000

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[?]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[?]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[?]Flustra[?]Amathia[?]Serpula[1]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[?]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[?]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[?]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 318: MicroRNA: mir-2000

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Phoronis, Capitella, Chaetoderma, Haliotis: 34.
Sipunculus: Following Phascolion (Sperling et al., 2009).

[319] mir-2001

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 0 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[1]Eccentrotheca[1]Cotyledion tylodes[1]Orthrozanclus[1]Halkieria evangelista[1]Pedunculotheca diania[1]Haplophrentis carinatus[1]Mickwitzia muralensis[1]Heliomedusa orienta[1]Micromitra[1]Gasconsia[1]Terebratulina[1]Orthis[1]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[1]Lingulellotreta malongensis[1]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[1]Micrina[1]Paterimitra[1]Phoronis[1]Namacalathus[1]Flustra[1]Amathia[1]Serpula[1]Capitella[1]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[1]Wiwaxia corrugata[1]Odontogriphus omalus[1]Neopilina[1]Conocardium elongatum[1]Haliotis[1]Pojetaia runnegari[1]Mytilus[1]Dentalium[1]Pelagiella[1]Kulindroplax perissokomos[1]Acaenoplax hayae[1]Wirenia[1]Chaetoderma[1]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[1]Tonicella[1]Mopalia[1]Polysacos vickersianum[1]Leptochiton[1]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[1]Calvapilosa kroegeri[1]Siphogonuchites multa[1]Loxosomella[1]Dailyatia[1]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 319: MicroRNA: mir-2001

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Phoronis, Capitella, Chaetoderma, Haliotis: 34.
Sipunculus: Following Phascolion (Sperling et al., 2009).

[320] mir-2685

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[?]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[?]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[?]Flustra[?]Amathia[?]Serpula[1]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[?]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[?]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[?]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 320: MicroRNA: mir-2685

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Phoronis, Capitella, Chaetoderma, Haliotis: 34.
Sipunculus: Following Phascolion (Sperling et al., 2009).

[321] mir-2686

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[?]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[?]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[?]Flustra[?]Amathia[?]Serpula[1]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[?]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[?]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[?]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 321: MicroRNA: mir-2686

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Phoronis, Capitella, Chaetoderma, Haliotis: 34.
Sipunculus: Following Phascolion (Sperling et al., 2009).

[322] mir-2687

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[?]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[?]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[?]Flustra[?]Amathia[?]Serpula[1]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[?]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[?]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[?]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 322: MicroRNA: mir-2687

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Phoronis, Capitella, Chaetoderma, Haliotis: 34.
Sipunculus: Following Phascolion (Sperling et al., 2009).

[323] mir-2688

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[?]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[?]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[?]Flustra[?]Amathia[?]Serpula[1]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[?]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[?]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[?]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 323: MicroRNA: mir-2688

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Phoronis, Capitella, Chaetoderma, Haliotis: 34.
Sipunculus: Following Phascolion (Sperling et al., 2009).

[324] mir-2689

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[?]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[?]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[?]Flustra[?]Amathia[?]Serpula[1]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[?]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[?]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[?]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 324: MicroRNA: mir-2689

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Phoronis, Capitella, Chaetoderma, Haliotis: 34.
Sipunculus: Following Phascolion (Sperling et al., 2009).

[325] mir-2690

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[?]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[?]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[?]Flustra[?]Amathia[?]Serpula[1]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[?]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[?]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[?]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 325: MicroRNA: mir-2690

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Phoronis, Capitella, Chaetoderma, Haliotis: 34.
Sipunculus: Following Phascolion (Sperling et al., 2009).

[326] mir-2691

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[?]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[?]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[?]Flustra[?]Amathia[?]Serpula[1]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[1]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[?]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[?]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[?]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 326: MicroRNA: mir-2691

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Phoronis, Capitella, Chaetoderma, Haliotis: 34.
Sipunculus: Following Phascolion (Sperling et al., 2009).

[327] mir-2693

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[?]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[?]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[?]Flustra[?]Amathia[?]Serpula[1]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[?]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[?]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[?]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 327: MicroRNA: mir-2693

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Phoronis, Capitella, Chaetoderma, Haliotis: 34.
Sipunculus: Following Phascolion (Sperling et al., 2009).

[328] mir-2693

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[?]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[?]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[?]Flustra[?]Amathia[?]Serpula[1]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[0]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[?]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[0]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[?]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[?]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 328: MicroRNA: mir-2693

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Phoronis, Capitella, Chaetoderma, Haliotis: 34.
Sipunculus: Following Phascolion (Sperling et al., 2009).

[329] mir-2722

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[?]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[?]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[?]Flustra[?]Amathia[?]Serpula[0]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[0]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[1]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[?]Mytilus[?]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[1]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[?]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[?]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 329: MicroRNA: mir-2722

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Phoronis, Capitella, Chaetoderma, Haliotis: 34.
Sipunculus: Following Phascolion (Sperling et al., 2009).

[330] mir-5045

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

## Warning in MatrixData(statesMatrix, fitchStates, state.labels =
## stateLabels): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to label
## all states from 0 to the maximum observed.
Character adds 1 to tree score0 additional regionsAn optimal tree under:Implied weights, k = 3IW, k = 4.5IW, k = 7IW, k = 10.5IW, k = 16IW, k = 24Equal weights[?]Eccentrotheca[?]Cotyledion tylodes[?]Orthrozanclus[?]Halkieria evangelista[?]Pedunculotheca diania[?]Haplophrentis carinatus[?]Mickwitzia muralensis[?]Heliomedusa orienta[?]Micromitra[?]Gasconsia[?]Terebratulina[?]Orthis[?]Yuganotheca elegans[1]Lingula[?]Lingulellotreta malongensis[?]Pelagodiscus atlanticus[1]Novocrania[?]Micrina[?]Paterimitra[0]Phoronis[?]Namacalathus[?]Flustra[?]Amathia[?]Serpula[?]Capitella[?]Canadia spinosa[?]Sipunculus[?]Wiwaxia corrugata[?]Odontogriphus omalus[?]Neopilina[?]Conocardium elongatum[?]Haliotis[?]Pojetaia runnegari[0]Mytilus[?]Dentalium[?]Pelagiella[?]Kulindroplax perissokomos[?]Acaenoplax hayae[?]Wirenia[?]Chaetoderma[?]Phthipodochiton thraivensis[?]Tonicella[?]Mopalia[?]Polysacos vickersianum[?]Leptochiton[?]Glaphurochiton carbonarius[?]Calvapilosa kroegeri[?]Siphogonuchites multa[?]Loxosomella[?]Dailyatia[?]Yilingia spiciformis0.830.410.410.410.9610.410.430.170.980.981110.430.220.980.430.980.780.9810.980.98111110.280.330.430.460.960.960.960.980.980.980.9810.5110.9610.650.280.83

Character 330: MicroRNA: mir-5045

## Warning in MatrixData(states_matrix, states_matrix, state.labels =
## my_states[[i]]): State labels do not seem to match states. You need to
## label all states from 0 to the maximum observed.

Neomorphic character.

Novocrania, Lingula, Phoronis, Mytilus: 35.
Tree number:
[Show details]

References

Adrianov, A. V., Maiorova, A. S., & Malakhov, V. V. (2011). Embryonic and larval development of the peanut worm Phascolosoma agassizii (Keferstein 1867) from the Sea of Japan (Sipuncula: Phascolosomatidea). Invertebrate Reproduction and Development, 55(1), 22–29. doi: 10.1080/07924259.2010.548638

Adrianov, A. V., Malakhov, V. V., & Maiorova, A. S. (2006). Development of the tentacular apparatus in sipunculans (Sipuncula): I. Thysanocardia nigra (Ikeda, 1904) and Themiste pyroides (Chamberlin, 1920). Journal of Morphology, 267(5), 569–583. doi: 10.1002/jmor.10423

Altenburger, A., & Wanninger, A. (2010). Neuromuscular development in Novocrania anomala: evidence for the presence of serotonin and a spiralian-like apical organ in lecithotrophic brachiopod larvae. Evolution and Development, 12(1), 16–24. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-142X.2009.00387.x

Altenburger, A., Wanninger, A., & Holmer, L. E. (2013). Metamorphosis in Craniiformea revisited: Novocrania anomala shows delayed development of the ventral valve. Zoomorphology, 132(4), 379–387. doi: 10.1007/s00435-013-0194-3

Auzoux-Bordenave, S., Badou, A., Gaume, B., Berland, S., Helléouet, M.-N., Milet, C., & Huchette, S. (2010). Ultrastructure, chemistry and mineralogy of the growing shell of the European abalone Haliotis tuberculata. Journal of Structural Biology, 171(3), 277–290. doi: 10.1016/j.jsb.2010.05.012

Balthasar, U. (2004). Shell structure, ontogeny, and affinities of the Lower Cambrian bivalved problematic fossil Mickwitzia muralensis Walcott, 1913. Lethaia, 37(4), 381–400. doi: 10.1080/00241160410002090

Balthasar, U., Skovsted, C. B., Holmer, L. E., & Brock, G. A. (2009). Homologous skeletal secretion in tommotiids and brachiopods. Geology, 37, 1143–1146. doi: 10.1130/g30323a.1

Barlow, L. A., & Truman, J. W. (1992). Patterns of serotonin and SCP immunoreactivity during metamorphosis of the nervous system of the red abalone, Haliotis rufescens. Journal of Neurobiology, 23(7), 829–844. doi: 10.1002/neu.480230705

Bartolomaeus, T. (1995). Secondary monociliarity in the Annelida: monociliated epidermal cells in larvae of Magelona mirabilis (Magelonida). Microfauna Marina, 10, 327–332.

Bartolomaeus, T. (2001). Ultrastructure and formation of the body cavity lining in Phoronis muelleri (Phoronida, Lophophorata). Zoomorphology, 120(3), 135–148. doi: 10.1007/s004350000030

Bartolomaeus, T. (2002). Structure and formation of thoracic and abdominal uncini in Fabricia stellaris (Müller, 1774) – implication for the evolution of Sabellida (Annelida). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 241(1), 1–17. doi: 10.1078/0044-5231-00015

Bartolomaeus, T., & Quast, B. (2005). Structure and development of nephridia in Annelida and related taxa. Hydrobiologia, 535, 139–165. doi: 10.1007/s10750-004-1840-z

Bassett, M. G., Popov, L. E., & Holmer, L. E. (2001). Functional morphology of articulatory structures and implications for patterns of musculature in Cambrian rhynchonelliform brachiopods. In H. Brunton, R. M. Cocks, & S. L. Long (Eds.), Brachiopods, past and present (pp. 163–176). doi: 10.1201/9780203210437.pt3

Baxter, J. M., Jones, A. M., & Sturrock, M. G. (1987). The infrastructure of aesthetes in Tonicella marmorea (Polyplacophora; Ischnochitonina) and a new functional hypothesis. Journal of Zoology, 211(4), 589–604. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1987.tb04473.x

Bengtson, S. (1992). The cap-shaped Cambrian fossil maikhanella and the relationship between coeloscleritophorans and molluscs. Lethaia, 25(4), 401–420.

Bereiter-Hahn, J., Matoltsy, A. G., & Slyvia Richards, K. (1984). Biology of the Integument (p. 858). Springer.

Bhup, R., & Marsden, J. R. (1982). The development of the central nervous system in Capitella capitata (Polychaeta, Annelida). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 60(10), 2284–2295. doi: 10.1139/z82-295

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